The mummy of Torricella Peligna, a case report.

The comprehensive study of the various paleopahological findings on bone material is of great importance for the biological reconstruction. It is also a valuable source of information about the way of life of the past populations. In this study we described some paleopathological findings on cranial series obtained from archaeological excavation of a necropolis of the medieval town of Drustar (9th-15th century), Northeastern Bulgaria. Drustar was the most important Bulgarian fortress of the lower Danube. This town was connected with the earlier history of Bulgaria since it was one of the first places in which the Slavic people and the Bulgars were settled after they passed over Danube. The town was also an inheritor of the Roman town Durostorum, called Dorostol from the Byzantines. From the Ottoman period in Bulgaria till today the town bears the name Silistra.The investigated cranial series includes a total of 196 crania (70 male, 50 female, 59 infant, and 17 unidentified). There are two cases of traumas inflicted as a probable result of battle injuries in adult male individuals. In a few individuals is observed cribra orbitalia as an evidence of anemia. Concerning the jaw and tooth pathology the most common findings were the dental caries with related complications. There are also some cases of alveolar atrophy in adult individuals and cases of temporomandibular joint arthritis as well. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n11p640

Muscular dispositions in the axilla acquire importance under certain surgical procedures that involve the axillary artery ligature. These supernumerary muscles make the approach to the axillary fossa and their content difficult. We dissected 108 formalized corpses from adult male individuals. The specimens belong to the topographic Anatomy Unit of the Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile. In all dissections, a rare and infrequent muscular variation attributed to the presence of a elevator muscle at the dorsal part of the latissimus muscle on the right upper limb from an adult individual was found. This muscle was fusiform and originated at the coracoid process by a short tendon of cylindrical form inserted in the dorsal superior part of the tendon of the latissimus dorsi muscle. Muscular belly and tendons of origin and insertion were closely related to the brachial plexus and the axillar vessels that they crossed.

Sexual Function and Quality of Life in Adult Male Individuals with Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex—a Survey of the German CURE-Network

Myocarditis After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: True, True, and… Related?

In this study, the effects of 3 different doses (430, 600 and 670 ppm) of intermittent CO2 applications on the feeding behaviors of Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Adults were determined. As nutritional behavior, the total nutrition duration of adult male and female individuals other than nutrients was examined. As a result of the study, no statistically significant difference was found between the total feeding times of female and male individuals of N. viridula. A statistically significant difference was found between the duration of stay on the nutrients of female and male individuals of N. viridula who received 600 ppm and 670 ppm doses of CO2. The duration of stay on the nutrients of male individuals who received 600 ppm and 670 ppm doses of CO2 was found to be significantly lower than the duration of stay on the nutrients of female individuals. The duration of stay on the nutrients of male individuals who received 670 ppm doses of CO2 was found to be significantly lower than the duration of stay on the nutrients of female individuals. No statistically significant difference was found between the CO2 dose groups of N. viridula and the total feeding times of the control group. A statistically significant difference was found between the CO2 dose groups of N. viridula and the duration of stay apart from the nutrients and the duration of stay on the nutrients of the control group. The duration of stay on the nutrients of individuals exposed to 600 and 670 ppm CO2 doses was found to be significantly lower than the duration of stay on the nutrients of individuals in the control group. In addition, the duration of stay apart from the nutrients of the individuals to whom 600 and 670 ppm CO2 doses were applied was found to be significantly higher than the duration of stay apart from the nutrients of the individuals in the control group. As a general result of this study, it was determined that as the application dose increased, the feeding behaviors of male and female individuals changed, male individuals reacted more to dose administration and remained on nutrients less than female individuals.

Age-related decrement of inter-limb coordination has been attributed to the reduction of muscle strength. However, no data support this hypothesis. PURPOSE: This study aimed at verifying the correlation between grip force, lower limbs power, and inter-limb coordination performances in young, adult and older community-dwelling men in relation to their activity level. METHODS: Fifty-one male participants (20 young: 12.0 ± 0.5 yrs; 18 adults: 29.8 ± 8.6 yrs; 13 old individuals: 70.9 ± 8.6 yrs) provided their informed consent and answered the AAHPERD questionnaire to ascertain their activity level. Participants were administered handgrip, counter movement jump (CMJ) and inter limb coordination tests. The latter consisted in flexions and extensions of hand and foot in the sagittal plane (1:1 frequency), with in-phase and anti-phase modes at three velocities (80, 120, and 180 bpm) for 60 s maximum. A 3 (Age) × 2 (Activity level) ANOVA was applied to test differences in handgrip and CMJ performance (p<.05). For inter limb coordination an ANOVA for repeated measures was applied (between factors: Age and Activity level; within factors: coordination mode, and execution frequency). Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between variables. RESULTS: For CMJ and handgrip performances a main effect (p <.05) was found for age and activity level. Active and adult individuals always showed better performances. Significantly worst CMJ performances in older (9.4 ± 5.7 cm), intermediate in young (20.2 ±3.8 cm), and best in adults (33.0 ± 4.7 cm) individuals were found. For handgrip, significantly better performances in adults (512 ± 97 N), intermediate in old (376 ± 100 N) and worst in young (195 ±31 N) individuals were found. For inter-limb coordination main effects were found for age, activity level, coordination mode, velocity of execution, and for the interactions activity level × coordination mode × velocity of execution, and age × coordination mode × velocity of execution, with active individuals always showing better performances, especially with increasing velocity and in the anti-phase condition. Low correlation coefficients were found between tests for children and adults, while significantly high correlation coefficients were found only between CMJ and coordination test for older individuals. CONCLUSIONS Age-related deterioration in strength, power, and synchronization capabilities were more evident in sedentary older individuals, confirming that participation to activity programs maintain central and/or peripheral factors. However, this preliminary study suggests that strength per se is not strictly related to coordination.

Metrological definition and evaluation of some mechanical properties of post-medieval Neapolitan yellow tuff masonry

Aim This study evaluates the long‐term history of grassland, heathland and shrubland communities that are high priorities for conservation in the north‐eastern US and support numerous globally rare species. Such an historical perspective is necessary in order to develop appropriate conservation and management approaches for these communities.Location The study area encompasses the coastal region that extends from Cape Cod, MA to Long Island, NY, including the islands of Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, and Block Island.Methods In order to determine whether open‐land habitats occurred in the study region prior to European arrival in the seventeenth century and to assess changes to these communities through the historical period, a wide range of palaeoecological, archaeological, ethno‐historical, biological and field data were reviewed. Information about the history of human impacts on these communities was used to interpret landscape change over time and to evaluate current and potential conservation and management approaches.Results The region was predominantly wooded prior to widespread Euro‐American land clearing beginning in the seventeenth century, with some areas of early successional habitats, primarily on exposed sites and near Native American settlements. Grasslands, heathlands and shrublands increased dramatically as a result of intensive and primarily agricultural disturbance through the historical period. The decline in recent decades of these communities results from extensive residential and commercial development, and from widespread abandonment of traditional agricultural practices, especially intensive grazing.Main conclusions Despite considerable uncertainty as to the pre‐European distribution and abundance of species characteristic of grasslands, heathlands and shrublands, historical disturbances have been sufficiently widespread and severe that it is unlikely that modern species assemblages closely resemble those that occurred prior to European arrival. Management aimed at perpetuating early successional species assemblages on sites other than exposed, coastal locations may require use of traditional land‐use practices or appropriate substitutes of comparable intensity.

In The Liberation of Women, Roberta Hamilton explores two of the key questions that have been systematically raised by the Women’s Liberation Movement: why have women occupied a subordinate position in society and how can the variation in the forms and intensity of their exploitation and oppression be explained? Within the Women’s Liberation Movement there have been seen to be two different and opposed answers to these questions: a feminist answer and a Marxist one. The feminist analysis has addressed itself to a patriarchal ideology, locating the source of male domination and female subordination in the biological differences between the sexes. Marxists, on the other hand, have seen the origins of female subordination in the growing phenomenon of private property, which, in their view, has made possible and necessary the exploitation of these biological differences in the modern world. This new work attempts to examine this debate in specific analytical terms through a study of the changing role of women during a particular historical period – the seventeenth century. In the course of less than one hundred years the rise of capitalism and the acceptance of Protestantism had separately and together radically altered every aspect of a woman’s life. Can both a feminist and a Marxist analysis account for these changes? Do such accounts conflict with each other, making a choice inevitable? Do they overlap to such an extent that retaining both would be redundant? Or, finally, are they complementary, can they usefully coexist? To answer these questions Roberta Hamilton tries to work out the changes that can be attributed to the emergence of capitalism (a Marxist explanation) and those that stemmed from the transformation in patriarchal ideology (a feminist explanation). The Liberation of Women will be of particular interest to students of history, sociology and Women’s Studies and to those who have been involved in the Women’s Liberation Movement. In particular, it will prove essential basic reading for an ever-growing number of courses on sexual divisions in society and the role of women.

The results of hematological study of Perccottus glenii from Lake Krugloe and Lake Plyazhnoe (Samara oblast) in 2010 are presented. Changes in erythrocyte morphology are reported for both fry and adult male individuals. The alterations of the basic indexes of the white blood cell formula compared to the standard are studied in fry and adult male individuals.

Compared to moderate-intensity continuous training, short-term high-intensity interval training demonstrates enhanced effects on metabolic flexibility in adult males with obesity.

The Injustice to Dou E (窦娥冤) by Guan Hanqing is a masterpiece of Chinese drama that has been translated into English many times by different people, as is reflected in the multiple variations of its title in the target language: The Injustice Done to Tou Ngo, Injustice to Tou O, Snow in Midsummer, and The Injustice to Dou E. Despite enormous stylistic differences among various English translations and adaptations of this text, one thing remains fairly constant in the process of cultural translation; that is, these translated texts are always anthologized either as a representative piece of a particular historical period or as a sample of its author’s literary oeuvre. The former situation, for instance, applies to Six Yuan Plays, where The Injustice Done to Tou Ngo is selected as an exemplary piece of dramatic literature that characterizes the culture of Yuan Dynasty of China, whereas the latter situation can be found in Selected Plays of Kuan Han-ching, where Snow in Midsummer is anthologized as a constituent part of Guan Hanqing’s overall theatrical craftsmanship. Little, however, is mentioned of the fact that The Injustice to Dou E is one of the greatest tragedies ever produced in the history of Chinese literature. There are many reasons why the “generic” identity of this text as well as many others that belong to the same subcategory of dramatic literature has been neglected in the institutional practice of anthologizing translated Chinese texts. First among them is the pervasive misbelief that tragic art is absent from Chinese and most other Asian cultures with the quietist Buddhist religion being the main culprit. “All men are aware of tragedy in life,” so says George Steiner in his 1961 book, “but tragedy as a form of drama is not universal. Oriental art knows violence, grief, and the stroke of natural or contrived disaster; the Japanese theater is full of ferocity and ceremonial death. But that representation of personal suffering and heroism which we call tragic drama is distinctive of the western tradition.” Steiner’s statement is obviously inapplicable to The Injustice to Dou E, where the audience witness not only untold suffering heaped upon a kindhearted woman but also unparalleled heroic resistance on the part of the protagonist that is deemed to be essential to tragedy. Another reason often used against reading The Injustice to Dou E as a tragic text is that, like most Chinese dramas of woe, the play contains a happy finale, which is considered detrimental to tragedy. What the naysayers fail to see is that “happy ending” is actually a common occurrence both in Greek tragedy and its Renaissance successor. The fact that happy ending occurs both in Western and Chinese dramas of woe suggests that it should not be viewed as an enemy to tragedy but rather as a different structural manifestation of tragic art. Most scholars today are of the view that tragedy as a form of art has witnessed two periods of prosperity in its entire history of development: one in ancient Greece of fifth century BC and the other in Renaissance Europe of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, but there are also theorists like Raymond Williams who try to expand the history of tragedy into the modern era, where playwrights such as Henrik Ibsen and Arthur Miller continue to narrate stories of human suffering. What this paper hopes to reveal is that independent of the Western tradition, the Yuan Dynasty of China also witnessed a small surge of tragic drama of its own. Many dramas of woe (苦戏) were produced in this historical period, including The Injustice to Dou E, Autumn in Han Palace, The Orphan of Zhao, and The Story of Pipa. By repositioning them as members of the tragic genre in the global context, we can better appreciate these texts not only as representative works of a particular period or a specific individual writer but also as different manifestations of tragic art as a universal language of human agony. This offers us one more dimension of literary art where playwrights from the East and the West exchange views on the most fundamental moral and political issues often reflected in tragedy.

9 - Use of Table 2: geographical areas, historical periods and persons

he intent here is to identify crucial factors linked to the promotion of creativity and to outline their implications for secondary school educators. Writers on creativity have a good idea of what constitutes encouraging environments. And there is general agreement that the development of creativity is the crux of educating the gifted. The problem is that we have difficulty establishing circumstances that will facilitate creative productivity. The word golden, used here to describe creativityenhancing climates, comes from ages--historical periods that produced remarkable clusterings of geniuses: classical Athens, the Renaissance, or the time of the American Revolution. The golden environment is the creativogenic environment described by Silvano Arieti (1976) in his remarkable book, Creativity: The Magic Synthesis. Some cultures have promoted creativity to a much larger extent than others. These creativogenic societies, together with the potentially inventive person, are the two necessary elements for creativity. Arieti further asserts that creative geniuses appear in unusually large numbers in particular periods of history in certain geographic areas. This uneven occurrence suggests that special environmental factors affect the appearance of creativity, rather than exclusively biological factors. Creativity is encouraged by certain features of the environment. If we were to identify these factors, we could try to promote their recurrence and thus promote creativity. The possibility for the appearance of large numbers of geniuses always exists in certain populations. Gowan and Olson (1979) have sounded the alarm:

Zinc