Abstract
Human beings exist in multiple substrates or dimensions. But we still need more comprehensive and integrative theories of self-identity and personality. Most personality and developmental theories fail to adequately address the interaction among the psychological, interpersonal, environmental, and biological aspects of self and personality development. This paper presents a larger framework in which to examine prior models of personality as well as future integrative models. A Multipath Approach to Personality (MAP) is proposed and consists of the following dimensions or levels of analysis of self: 1) the Neuropersonal; 2) the Intrapersonal; 3) the Interpersonal; 4) the Exopersonal; 5) the Ecopersonal; and 6) the Transpersonal. The MAP approach to personality also suggests a multi-modal practice in assessment and research.
Highlights
According to Millon [1] most personality theories fail to adequately address the interaction among the psychological, interpersonal, environmental, and biological aspects of personality development
Human beings exist in multiple substrates or dimensions
The assumption of the Multipath Approach to Personality (MAP) model includes the notion that personality and self are shaped by the combined forces of evolutionary, biological, situational, mental, as well as a psycho-spiritual processes—all embedded in a temporal, socio-cultural, and developmental context see Figure 1
Summary
According to Millon [1] most personality theories fail to adequately address the interaction among the psychological, interpersonal, environmental, and biological aspects of personality development. Millon [1,2] together with a number of other critics—such as Church, [3], Endler, [4], Schultz & Schultz, [5], and Laher, [6] all argue that most current theories provide a less than comprehensive perception into an individual’s personality and identity and suggest that a more holistic and integrated approach to personality is still needed. The Multipath Model presented in this paper is an attempt at an integrative and interacting model for viewing personality and psychological development
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