Abstract
Accurately determining true ice microstructure and material parameters is a basis for ice disaster theoretical research on the Yellow River. In this work, natural Yellow River ice was collected, and ice crystals parallel and perpendicular to the ice surface were photographed using an orthogonal polarizing mirror. Morphologies of ice microstructure were extracted, and equivalent ice grain sizes were calculated. The results show that Yellow River ice mainly consists of granular ice and columnar ice and vary greatly in different time and space ranges. The ice crystal shape is irregular, and the ice crystal size is larger span, and mainly between 1 mm and 10 mm. Ice crystal initial defects come from bubbles, sediment particles, impurities, and microcracks; among them, bubbles are the most common and have a relatively large impact. In addition, a calculation model of the Yellow River ice microstructure was constructed according to the ice crystal test results. Based on the experimental data and numerical model, the obtained Yellow River ice parameters provide help for analyzing ice disaster mechanisms along the Yellow River.
Highlights
The ice microstructure reflects the ice growth process and determines the basic physical and mechanical properties of river ice
Among the bottleneck problems are clarifying the microstructure and material parameters of river ice and understanding the failure process of river ice, which urgently need to be solved for the mechanism analysis of Yellow River ice disasters
We analyzed the ice microstructure of samples obtained in the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River during the freezing period
Summary
The ice microstructure reflects the ice growth process and determines the basic physical and mechanical properties of river ice. The evolution of ice microstructure is closely related to impurities, grain growth and recrystallization. The relationship between the density of granular ice and the size of ice crystals was quantitatively measured with a uniaxial compression test and slicing method by Cole [1,2]. It is an important milestone in ice microstructure observation. The X-ray photography of polycrystalline ice was studied during ice deformation and the grain boundary interactions of polycrystalline ice was discussed by Liu et al [3] and Baker et al [4]
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