Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLS) and their derivatives are secondary plant metabolites abundant in Brassicaceae. Due to the enzymatic reaction between GLS and myrosinase enzyme, characteristic compounds with a pungent taste are formed, used by plants to defend themselves against insect herbivores. These GLS derivatives have an important impact on human health, including anti-inflammation and anti-cancer effects. However, GLS derivatives’ formation needs previous enzymatic reactions catalyzed by myrosinase enzyme. Many of the brassica-based foods are processed at a high temperature that inactivates enzymes, hindering its bioavailability. In the last decade, several studies showed that the human gut microbiome can provide myrosinase activity that potentially can raise the beneficial effects of consumption of vegetables rich in GLS. The variability of the human gut microbiome (HGM) in human populations and the diverse intake of GLS through the diet may lead to greater variability of the real dose of pro-healthy compounds absorbed by the human body. The exploitation of the genetic and biochemical potential of HGM and correct ecological studies of both isolated strains and mixed population are of great interest. This review focuses on the most recent advances in this field.
Highlights
Glucosinolates (GLS) are chemical compounds present in plants of the Brassicaceae family
GLS derivatives can be classified as follows: a. These compounds are a result of enzymatic hydrolysis of GLS but in the presence of epithiospecifier protein (ESP) as a cofactor of myrosinase and pH < 6.5 [1,28,45]
The results showed a final high-carbohydrate fermentation level for a vegetarian diet and a higher concentration of the products of amino acid fermentation for a non-vegetarian diet [66]
Summary
Glucosinolates (GLS) are chemical compounds present in plants of the Brassicaceae family. Several studies showed evidence of myrosinase-like activity and glucoraphanine hydrolysis—both in vitro and in vivo—to of 19 bioactive sulforaphane (SFN) by specific microbial strains, such as caecal microbiota. ITC production previously reported may havebacterial been dueactivities, to high interindividual relatively low number of MYR characterisation studies and an observed variability of GLS variability in the taxa contributing to this activity [20]. ITC productionare previously reported may have been dueby to microbiota high interindividor that not the major product of hydrolysis [9] It must ual variability the plant taxa contributing this activity. Notwithstanding the to limited knowledge of support a precisecomplete enzymatic action of ysis myrosinases or that isothiocyanates are not the major enzymes, product ofthe hydrolysis byofmicrobiota [9] In several of them, when sinigrin was supplied, allyl-isothiocyanate
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