Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. The main characteristic features include optic disc cupping, visual field loss, and in most instances a raised intraocular pressure. Primary open angle glaucoma accounts for nearly two thirds of all cases, while angle closure glaucoma contributes the majority of the remainder. Screening for glaucoma is not cost-effective, and diagnosis of the primary open angle type is usually an incidental finding during ophthalmological examination. Various treatment options, including medical and surgical interventions are accessible in the management of glaucoma. This article contains a brief description on the pathophysiology and focuses on the pharmacological options available in the treatment of glaucoma.
Highlights
Glaucoma is a mixed group of eye disorders sharing common features which typically includes optic disc cupping and visual field loss, thereby more accurately defined as an optic neuropathy
Glaucoma has been characterized by the existence of raised intraocular pressure (IOP), nerve damage may occur in the presence of values within the statistically normal range between
General practitioners and family physicians play an important role in the diagnosis and appropriate referral of patients with suspected glaucoma
Summary
Glaucoma is a mixed group of eye disorders sharing common features which typically includes optic disc cupping and visual field loss, thereby more accurately defined as an optic neuropathy. 8–21 mmHg. Glaucomatous disc and field changes in the absence of elevated pressure constitutes normal or low tension glaucoma (LTG).[2] conditions exceeding the upper limit of 21 mmHg may not be associated with signs of visual field loss or optic disc damage and comprises ocular hypertension.[3] In addition to optic neuropathy, the two main types of glaucoma (open angle and closed angle) are described on the appearance of the drainage system within the eye, including associated increase in the IOP (Figure 1). Www.tandfonline.com/oemd 6 The page number in the footer is not for bibliographic referencing. Both types can be further divided into primary versus secondary, and congenital versus acquired. Open angle glaucoma is the highest in Africa (4.2%), while closed angle glaucoma is more prevalent in Asia (1.09%).[4]
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