Abstract
The present study investigated the hypolipidaemic effects of Grifola frondosa and its regulation mechanism involved in lipid metabolism in liver of rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. The body weights and serum lipid levels of control rats, of hyperlipidaemic rats, and of hyperlipidaemic rats treated with oral G. frondosa were determined. mRNA expression and concentration of key lipid metabolism enzymes were investigated. Serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were markedly decreased in hyperlipidaemic rats treated with G. frondosa compared with untreated hyperlipidaemic rats. mRNA expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT2), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) were significantly down-regulated, while expression of cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) was significantly up-regulated in the livers of treated rats compared with untreated hyperlipidaemic rats. The concentrations of these enzymes also paralleled the observed changes in mRNA expression. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) were used to identify 20 proteins differentially expressed in livers of rats treated with G. frondosa compared with untreated hyperlipidemic rats. Of these 20 proteins, seven proteins were down-regulated, and 13 proteins were up-regulated. These findings indicate that the hypolipidaemic effects of G. frondosa reflected its modulation of key enzymes involved in cholesterol and triacylglycerol biosynthesis, absorption, and catabolic pathways. G. frondosa may exert anti-atherosclerotic effects by inhibiting LDL oxidation through down-regulation and up-regulating proteins expression in the liver of rats. Therefore, G. frondosa may produce both hypolipidaemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects, and potentially be of use as a functional food for the treatment or prevention of hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis.
Highlights
Hyperlipidaemia is a metabolic disorder with a high global prevalence characterized by elevated circulating levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triacylglycerols (TG), with a reduced concentration of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the blood (Hongli et al, 2013)
After acclimatization for 1 week and the establishment of hyperlipidemic for another 2 weeks, there were no significant differences in body weight observed between the control, hyperlipidemic, and G. frondosa groups
At the end of the experiment (7 weeks), the results indicated that hyperlipidemic rats significantly increased in body weight compared with the control group (∗P < 0.05), but no significant differences in body weight gain were observed between the hyperlipidemic and G. frondosa groups
Summary
Hyperlipidaemia is a metabolic disorder with a high global prevalence characterized by elevated circulating levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triacylglycerols (TG), with a reduced concentration of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the blood (Hongli et al, 2013). It has been reported that even 1% reduce in the serum TC levels was estimated to result in 2–3% decrease in the risk of cardiovascular disease (Catapano et al, 2000). A large number of bioactive components of foods have been reported to potentially produce hypolipidaemic effects. These findings have intensified the search for foods that lower serum lipid levels effectively with minimum side effects (Liu et al, 2014)
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