The meaning of early percutaneous coronary intervention in acute coronary syndrome with preserved ST elevation

Abstract

AbstractTo determine if delaying the primary precutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for >6 hours for acute coronary syndrome with preserved ST elevation (STE-ACS) affects the PCI angiography effectiveness and clinical prognosis. The PCI was performed: for 71% of patients <6h (group 1), for 29% of patients >6h from the beginning of pain (group 2). For 1% of patients from group 1 and 3.4% of patients from group 2, no passage has been opened in the artery after STE-ACS. In spite of opening the passage mechanically, the phenomenon of lack of tissue reflow occurred in 2.7% of patients from group 1 and 12% of patients from group 2. Dangerous ventricular arrhythmias occurred more frequently in patients from group 2, including VF, asystole, haemodynamic complications classed 4° according to the Killip-Kimball scale and death. In an univariate logistic regression analysis, the following risk factors for death during the hospital phase were identified: delayed PCI >6 hours, 4° haemodynamic complications according to the Killip-Kimball scale, LVEF <40%, FV, p-k III block, TIMI <3, and no-reflow. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, 4° according to the Killip-Kimball scale turned out to be the only risk factor for death during the hospital phase. Delaying PCI during STE-ACS for >6 hours significantly lowers the statistical chance to recover both full permeability and effective tissue reflow in the artery responsible for STE-ACS, which is connected with a significantly higher risk of serious complications, as well as with 8.5% risk of death during the hospital phase. The most significant, independent factor determining the survival of patients with STE-ACS after PCI is lack of cardiogenic shock.