The Mainz-Linez Illusion

The goal of this study was to improve detectability of low contrast features within moving coronary arteries in dynamically displayed cineangiograms. We compared performance and decision times between the standard display, in which the artery moves with respect to a nearly stationary background of patient structure noise, and a "stabilized" display, where each image of the sequence is digitally shifted so that the artery is fixed at the center of the screen and the background moves. We performed a four-alternative forced-choice study to measure detectability of spherical voids within cylindrical segments (simulating arteries) mathematically projected into human coronary angiograms to produce images with realistic quantum and structure noise. For both display types the resulting 32-frame cine loops were displayed at 7.5, 15, and 32 frames per second. Four subjects made 320 observations for each display type at each frame rate. There was no time limit, but time for each response was recorded. Results show that the stabilized display at 32 fps improved detectability (d′) over the best standard display (moving artery at 8 fps) by an average of 50%. Furthermore, the optimized display reduced the average decision time by a factor of 3. We conclude that this display may be of significant value in coronary angiography and in similar visual detection tasks in dynamic displays.

Introduction. The issues of increasing the local territories competitiveness in recent years have gained great importance, given the dynamics of trends in the economic ties localization. For Ukrainian territorial communities, especially suffering from the consequences of hostilities in the east of the country, an important task is to form their positive and attractive image by using such a marketing tool as the territory positioning. This process bases on the identification of unique economic, social and environmental characteristics that can create the foundation for the formation of a positive and attractive community image in order to increase its competitiveness.
 Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and methodical dominants evaluation for the positioning results of territorial communities in the eastern Ukraine to form their positive image and increase competitiveness. This aim reveals through the prism of tasks, which are to substantiate the architectonic foundations for positioning territorial communities, defining archetypal components for assessing the results of positioning territories and conducting their rating assessment.
 Results. The analysis of foreign and domestic scientific and theoretical heritage demonstrates an insufficient level of research into the issues of theoretical and methodical support for assessing the results of the territorial communities positioning. It made possible to substantiate their architectonic theoretical and methodical dominants with the allocation of a basic and auxiliary level to obtain a positive effect. The article proposes the archetype of community positioning parameters, which display in 17 indicators in terms of sustainable development. This system of parameters formed the basis for the rating assessment of positioning results by defining quantified and reference indicators reflecting the current economic, social and environmental positions of the local territory.
 Conclusions. The results of the rating assessment using the example of the Bilovodsk community confirmed the imbalance of its positioning between economic, social and environmental positions, with the latter being given priority. It proposes to solve this problem by adjusting the economic and social parameters of the community's positioning, changing the emphasis on those indicators of socio-economic development, that better characterize its unique features, which will help attract potential consumers and increase the level of its competitiveness.

A method is presented for isolating moving distractors from a static background in imagery captured by a hovering or slowly moving Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). By reparameterizing a set of monocular images into a light field structure, it becomes possible to apply a linear fan filter and its inverse to extract the background and distractors, respectively. Results are shown for a hovering AUV imaging a region with non-trivial 3D structure and containing moving elements. The output is a distractor-free 3D light field model of the sea floor and a set of images of isolated distractors. We show that the technique is insensitive to parallax in the background elements, outperforming pixel differencing techniques.

“It's all about acceptance”: A qualitative study exploring a model of positive body image for people with spinal cord injury

1. We studied how neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT) of anesthetized macaque monkeys responded to textured and nontextured visual stimuli. Stimuli contained a central rectangular "figure" that was either uniform in luminance or consisted of an array of oriented line segments. The figure moved at constant velocity in one of four orthogonal directions. The region surrounding the figure was either uniform in luminance or contained a texture array (whose elements were identical or orthogonal in orientation to those of the figure), and it either was stationary or moved along with the figure. 2. A textured figure moving across a stationary textured background ("texture bar" stimulus) often elicited vigorous neural responses, but, on average, the responses to texture bars were significantly smaller than to solid (uniform luminance) bars. 3. Many cells showed direction selectivity that was similar for both texture bars and solid bars. However, on average, the direction selectivity measured when texture bars were used was significantly smaller than that for solid bars, and many cells lost significant direction selectivity altogether. The reduction in direction selectivity for texture bars generally reflected a combination of decreased responsiveness in the preferred direction and increased responsiveness in the null (opposite to preferred) direction. 4. Responses to a texture bar in the absence of a texture background ("texture bar alone") were very similar to the responses to solid bars both in the magnitude of response and in the degree of direction selectivity. Conversely, adding a static texture surround to a moving solid bar reduced direction selectivity on average without a reduction in response magnitude. These results indicate that the static surround is largely responsible for the differences in direction selectivity for texture bars versus solid bars. 5. In the majority of MT cells studied, responses to a moving texture bar were largely independent of whether the elements in the bar were of the same orientation as the background elements or of the orthogonal orientation. Thus, for the class of stimuli we used, orientation contrast does not markedly affect the responses of MT neurons to moving texture patterns. 6. The optimum figure length and the shapes of the length tuning curves determined with the use of solid bars and texture bars differed significantly in most of the cells examined. Thus neurons in MT are not simply selective for a particular figure shape independent of whatever cues are used to delineate the figure.

In the management of hospitals, Corporate Identity plays a pivotal role in brand recognition, image formation, and public perception. The primary objective behind the establishment of the hospital's Corporate Identity is to facilitate the audience's ability to remember and trust the institution as a professional and highly competent healthcare service provider, thereby fostering loyalty among the target audience.The main challenge faced by RSUD Bukittinggi is the absence of a clear corporate identity, serving as a reminder to the community and patients regarding the positive image and unique characteristics of RSUD Bukittinggi. Furthermore, this corporate identity also serves as a distinguishing factor for RSUD Bukittinggi from other healthcare facilities.In light of this, RSUD Bukittinggi requires innovative ideas in constructing a Corporate Identity that can effectively present the image, unique characteristics, and excellence possessed by RSUD Bukittinggi. The existence of RSUD Bukittinggi as a hospital offering medical tourism services in the city of Bukittinggi demands a corporate identity befitting its distinguished position.As a comprehensive solution to address this issue, a step taken is to design a corporate identity strategy for RSUD Bukittinggi utilizing the SWOT analysis method. This strategic approach can yield results that are congruent and highly effective in conveying the identity and distinctive characteristics of this institution. Components of this comprehensive corporate identity strategy include logo creation, typography selection, determination of identity colors, and utilization of various communication channels, all meticulously designed to facilitate the audience in identifying the unique characteristics and excellence of RSUD Bukittinggi.Keywords: Corporate identity, RSUD Bukittinggi

As a core display algorithm for electronic µ‐Fluidink, halftoning significantly enhances the quality of static image rendering. However, when applied to video playback, conventional halftoning algorithms suffer from severe flickering and reduced image sharpness, making them unsuitable for dynamic display applications on µ‐Fluidink. This paper first analyzes the performance of existing halftoning algorithms in video playback and investigates the underlying mechanisms causing flickering. To address these issues, an improved Direct Binary Search (DBS) halftoning algorithm is proposed to effectively suppress flickering and enhance video smoothness. Furthermore, to improve the image quality of individual frames in color filter µ‐Fluidink (CF µ‐Fluidink), a dual‐Gamma correction algorithm is introduced to enhance color reproduction and visual consistency. Ultimately, this study develops an efficient video processing algorithm tailored to the unique display characteristics of µ‐Fluidink, providing theoretical support and technical optimizations for its application in dynamic video scenarios.

Attention is drawn to the advantages of representing dynamical behavior in a stationary or static background spacetime in terms of a fixed reference 3-geometry that differs from the usual one by a certain conformal rescaling factor. The resulting Riemannian metric may be appropriately described as the “optical geometry” in recognition of the fact that “line-of-sight” trajectories are faithfully represented within it as geodesic, at least in the strictly static case for which such “lines-of-sight” are unambiguously defined. (In more general stationary examples the geodesies represent what amounts to the result of a cancellation between the Coriolis-type effects that would cause a physical light path to deviate to one side or the other depending on the sense of propagation.) The application to the particular case of the Schwarzschild solution is discussed: In this example the optical 3-geometry has a throat that occurs not on the horizon (as in the directly projected 3-geometry) but at the radius of the circular null geodesic orbit.

Electric powertrains have unique characteristics, which imply new requirements and need additional testing methods within the powertrain test benches. This work presents a unique vibration model of a complete powertrain test bench based on both measurements and theoretical analysis of a real hardware system. The modelling method is a contribution towards understanding and analysing the new vibration behaviour of the electric powertrain on powertrain test benches, which refers to a shift towards higher frequencies. The procedure, which is developed in this work is based on a model of the physical vibration path of a driving machine within a test bench. The model is created and validated based on measurement data that are obtained from several tests then the overall model of the vibration of the complete test bench is constructed. Based on the entire mechanical system of the test bench, a simplified physical model of an individual machine within the test bench is first created in Matlab Simulink. Then, the individual models are combined together to form an overall system model including coupling parameters. The simplified model is constructed as an oscillatory multi- body mass spring damper system composed of several individual components. Special attention is taken when modelling the linking conditions in order to obtain realistic results from the overall model. The parameters existing in the model are determined either empirically from test data or theoretically with the help of the test bench documentation. In order to verify the individual model, several tests are carried out. For this purpose, high-resolution vibration measurement technology is applied to an existing test bench machine. In addition to that, vibration sensors are installed on the machine base and bed. Different speeds are approached and measurement data are recorded under steady state conditions in addition to dynamic tests. These tests are carried out under no load conditions. The test bench machine is also operated with and without explicit imbalance excitation and the relevant measurements are recorded synchronously at high frequency of 1 kHz. During verification procedure of the individual components, the model is compared with the measurement data and the deviations are iteratively eliminated by adapting the parameters used in the previous iteration. This procedure is repeated until the model matches the measurement data of the real test bench machine and the error is within a specified tolerance band. Finally, the measurements are repeated for the entire test bench and the overall model is validated. Based on a simplified physical model of a test bench machine the vibration behaviour of the entire test bench is modelled using measurement data of no-load tests at several speed with and without explicit imbalance excitation. Studying the vibration behaviour of powertrain test benches allows the testing of electric and electrified powertrains safely on existing test benches.

The marketing environment is developing very dynamically, has influenced the existence of traditional markets in Indonesia. This rapid and dynamic environmental change, such as the increasing number of modern shops / retails / minimarkets, has an impact on the existence of traditional markets. Traditional markets as a source of economy for the people in Indonesia, which have unique characteristics with bargaining transactions, are also faced with the classic market problems that are identical with smell, muddy, dirty, are demanded to continue to make changes to be able to compete with modern shops. Market revitalization efforts, changes in consumer behavior, as well as market management professionalism need to be improved so that traditional markets can compete with modern shops and have a positive image in society. In this study, it tries to offer a strategy in developing traditional markets, through the concept of marketing within the framework of marketing competence of traditional market traders, especially in Pasar Panorama Lembang, West Bandung Regency. The research method was carried out through survey techniques, by conducting interviews, distributing questionnaires and collecting secondary data through searching journals, documentation and other sources. The questionnaire was distributed to traders using accidental sampling techniques of several types of commodities sold in the market. Based on the results of the research, the competence of Trader Marketing in Panorama Lembang Traditional Market, West Bandung Regency shows that the knowledge, understanding, attitudes, and skills of traders based on product, price, promotion and distribution elements have different competencies based on the types of commodities sold by traders. . Marketing competence of merchants who sell fashion has a level of marketing competence above traders who sell basic food commodities. That includes individual competences of traders such as knowledge, attitudes, skills, understanding and values. The marketing competence of traders in the traditional market Panorama Lembang, West Bandung Regency, does not yet fully know and understand the concept of marketing in their merchandise marketing activities. Marketing competence needs to be given strengthening related to product, price, promotion, and distribution elements to traders to improve the existence of traditional markets that are competitive and adaptive to market changes, towards a market that is safe, clean, comfortable, and continues to be of interest to the public to shop at the market. traditional.

The marketing environment that developed very dynamically, has influenced the existence of traditional markets in Indonesia. This rapid and dynamic change in environment, such as the rise of modern / retail / minimarket stores, has an impact on the existence of traditional markets. Traditional markets as an economic source for the people in Indonesia, which have unique characteristics with bargaining transactions, are also faced with the classic problem of markets which are identical with smells, muddy, dirty, demanded to continue to make changes in order to be able to compete with modern stores. Efforts to revitalize the market, change consumer behavior, and professionalism in market management need to be continuously improved, so that traditional markets are able to compete with modern stores and have a positive image in the community. In this study trying to offer a strategy in developing traditional markets, through the concept of marketing within the framework of marketing competence of traditional market traders, especially in the Panorama Lembang Market, West Bandung Regency. The research method was carried out through survey techniques, by conducting interviews, distributing questionnaires and collecting secondary data through searching journals, documentation and other sources. Questionnaires were distributed to traders with accidental sampling techniques from several types of commodities sold in the market. Based on the research results, Merchant Marketing competence in Panorama Lembang Traditional Market in West Bandung Regency shows that traders' knowledge, understanding, attitude, and skills based on product elements, price, promotion, and distribution, have different competencies based on the types of commodities sold by traders . Marketing competence of traders who sell Fashion has a level of marketing competence above traders who sell groceries commodities. That includes the individual competencies of traders such as knowledge, attitudes, skills, understanding and values (value). The marketing competence of traders in the Panorama Lembang traditional market in West Bandung Regency has not fully known and understood the concept of marketing in the marketing activities of merchandise. Marketing competence needs to be given reinforcement related to product elements, prices, promotions, and distribution to traders to increase the existence of traditional markets that have competitiveness and adaptive to market changes, towards markets that are safe, clean, comfortable, and continue to be demanded by the public to shop in the market traditional.

Tourism is commonly described today as the world’s largest industry. It is big business and is expected to become even bigger business in the next century. Developing countries, in particular, look to the tourism industry to generate foreign exchange, provide jobs, and improve economic growth. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of risk perception, destination image and cultural distance on tourist’s intention to visit a destination. It is a comparison between two destinations which are Bangkok, Thailand and Islamabad, Pakistan. Tourism industry in these cities has been influenced from political instability issue. We would like to explore if such perceived risks involving in political instability affect tourist decision to visit Bangkok and Islamabad or not. In addition, due to the nature of the tourism experience and destinations are intangible, therefore it depends heavily on positive images. Countries with a negative image due to past events of violence often attempt to improve their image. However, some countries with their few unique characteristics might easily be replaced by other destinations with similar characteristics. To reach the aim of this research, the questionnaire survey will be conducted through the internet to observe the respondents who stay outside Thailand and Pakistan. This research also provides useful information to the Thai and Pakistani hospitality industry and the travel and tourism research.

The article explores the preconditions for the formation of a positive image of the region in the context of the intensification of the service sector. The article reveals the tools and mechanisms of development of the services sphere and its role in shaping the image potential. It is proved that only the service sector has unique characteristics that are key to the assessment in the regional management system. The potential of development of the sphere of services in Ukraine is determined. The article reveals features of the services sphere that contribute to the formation of the positive image of the territory potential. It identifies the strategic priorities of the services sphere development in the regions of Ukraine. It also proves the universality of the policy of forming a positive image for obtaining results and effects in the service industry. A set of prerequisites is provided, which ensures the attraction of an effective mechanism and tools for the formation of a positive image of the regions. The article substantiates the tools of activating the image potential. A particular role is given to tourism as the most promising area for the development and dissemination of the image of the region. As prospects for further research, the article distinguishes development of the algorithm of strategic management of the image of the territory, the study of the synergistic effect from the influence of all factors of image formation.

Segmentation by single and combined features involves different contextual influences

Xibe culture has a rich historical background and unique cultural elements, including socio-cultural practices such as language, religion, and sports. Xibe culture is being jeopardized by the rapid development of modern technology and widespread mainstream culture through onlin platforms, and thus is facing the risk of being assimilated or even disappeared by the mainstream culture. However, digital media should not be viewed as a threat to national cultural heritage, but rather a tool in the process of cultural protection and inheritance. The article introduces some of the unique aspects of Xibe culture, and explores the possible role of social media and other digital platforms in protecting Xibe culture, and refers to successful cases of culture preservation involving digital technology. In addition, this paper suggests that various strategies should be adopted. This includes collaborative efforts between the government and the community to support appropriate cultural revitalization projects; at the same time, innovative conservation methods are highlighted, such as the use of virtual reality technology to recreate traditional environments and experiences, and the development of cultural and creative products with elements of Xibe culture. In this way, we can ensure that the unique cultural characteristics of the Xibe people will not be marginalized or forgotten due to the changes of the times.