Abstract
The purpose of researches is decrease of diesel cylinders head in thermal deformations by definition of various factors influencing extent emergence and development. The general tension of cylinders block heads (HBC) is considered. Its main parts are defined and analysed. The major factor causing damage of the fire bottom of GBTs are the thermal tension reaching the maximum in intervalvate crossing points. Emergence of this tension is caused by action of high temperatures of fuel burning and their great unevenness of distribution on surface and thickness of the cylinders block head fire bottom. The difference of temperatures in zone intervalvate crossing points and the periphery of the bottom can reach considerable sizes. Is the reasons of these temperatures difference design features, heat conductivity of material and way of heated surfaces cooling. Existence in of temperature detail differences will lead to unequal lengthenings of fire bottom various GBTs parts. These lengthenings (deformations) cause the thermal tension of compression corresponding to them. At low-cyclic thermal loading gradually there is a relaxation of thermal tension in the presence of already formed residual deformation. It will lead to emergence of tension of stretching. Tension of stretching is especially dangerous to gray cast iron of which the head of the block of cylinders is made. The side-altar of durability of this material on stretching several times is less, than on compression. With each thermocycle of tension of stretching will increase as gray cast iron possess small plasticity. Residual deformations will increase and finally will lead to emergence of thermofatigue cracks. As a result of the conducted theoretical researches dependence of residual deformations on various factors defining durability of GBTs is received. On the basis of this dependence, probably to define the directions of further researches of decrease in thermal tension and residual deformations.
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