Abstract
Abstract Parameterization of cumulus convection requires a model that describes the statistical properties of a cumulus ensemble under given large-scale conditions. Such a model is called a cloud model for cumulus parameterization (CMCP). It would be best if the development of a CMCP were guided by synchronous observations covering a population of clouds. Unfortunately, observations for cumulus clouds are usually confined to individual clouds, leaving many uncertainties in designing a CMCP. In an attempt to improve the formulation of entrainment effects in a CMCP, the data simulated by a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model are used to investigate sources of entrainment into cumulus clouds. The authors first plot the Paluch diagram using the data from a nonprecipitating experiment. It is found that typical patterns on the Paluch diagram obtained by observational studies can be reproduced using the simulated data and can be interpreted in ways other than two-point mixing. The authors further examine entra...
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