The link between quality intergenerational communication and university students' social-emotional skills: cultural values as a mediator and parenting styles as moderators

To determine whether living according to specific traditional Chinese cultural values was associated with satisfaction of the five needs in Maslow’s motivational hierarchy and overall life satisfaction, a mixed-method approach was employed, with an empirical questionnaire and supplemental interviews. The questionnaire assessed the hypothesized relationships that traditional Chinese values had with personal life outcomes, including health, employment, satisfaction of the five needs from Maslow’s hierarchy, and life satisfaction. The interviews examined the relationships that several demographic variables had with living by traditional Chinese values. The results of the empirical data revealed that most Chinese people today are still living according to the traditional Chinese cultural values, and that living by those traditional values are strongly associated with satisfaction of all five of the human needs in the Maslow hierarchy, as well as with overall life satisfaction. Additionally, the results of the qualitative interviews readily supported the empirical findings, and also revealed that the time during which inter-generational transmission of the Chinese cultural values occurs is when parents teach those values to their children at a very early age, that is, between 3 and 8 years old, before the children start primary school.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the dual influence of traditional Chinese and national Singaporean cultural values on the attitude towards skin beauty and the purchase intention relating to skin care cosmetics among Chinese Singaporean women. It aims is to investigate how ethnic and national cultures might interact to influence the attitude towards skin beauty and hence the willingness to buy skin care products.Design/methodology/approachA survey of 370 Chinese Singaporean women was conducted to test the proposed links. The study adopts an empirical approach using structural equation modelling.FindingsBoth traditional Chinese and national Singaporean cultural values impact the attitude of Chinese Singaporean women towards skin beauty and their willingness to buy skin care cosmetics. The components of the traditional Chinese values (Buddhism, Daoism and Confucianism) and national Singaporean values were found to have differing impact on the attitude towards skin beauty and the purchase intention of skin care cosmetics among Singaporean women. Confucianism was found to have a very strong impact on skin fairness and whitening, national Singaporeans' values were found to have a strong impact on skin anti‐ageing, and Buddhist values were found to have moderate impact on attitude towards skin smoothness and skin fairness and on the willingness to buy skin smoothening and skin whitening cosmetics.Research limitations/implicationsEven though the sample can be considered large, given the number of variables in the model, it would be wise to rely on a larger sample. In addition, the research was about specific cosmetics products, namely those related to skin care. It is judicious to extend the analysis to other categories and types of products. For expatriate ethnic groups, it is recommended that marketers think about the interaction between their traditional values and the values of the host country, as these have dual effects on their attitudes and hence on their buying intention. The interaction between these values is not static across products. It varies in size and combination across types of attitudes and products.Practical implicationsTraditional ethnic and national cultural values have differing impact in terms of significance and size on the attitude towards face beauty. Hence, marketing actions such as positioning and advertising should be customized accordingly, to target at these values in an attempt to influence attitude, and hence purchase behavior. Attitude plays a mediating role between cultural values and purchase intention. Influencing consumers' willingness to buy involves influencing their attitudes.Originality/valueFew works have surveyed the dual influence of national and ethnic values on a specific ethnic subgroup in Asia. To the authors' knowledge, there no previous research has been conducted for Singapore. This paper demonstrates that it is important for the marketer to take into account Singaporeans' national and ethnic values while marketing to them.

Reviews 505 Zhongdang Pan, Steven Chaffee, Godwin Chu, and Yanan Ju. To See Ourselves : Comparing Traditional Chinese andAmerican Cultural Values. Boulder , Colorado: Westview Press, 1994. xiv, 258 pp. Hardcover $49.95, isbn 0-8133-2075-5. This book serves as both an exploratory study and a survey ofa culturally changing China and as a comparison ofsome highly abstracted value orientations between China and the United States. The authors begin their inquirywith a new twist: specifically, they set out to compare American and Chinese cultures from a traditional—read "Confucian"—Chinese perspective. They give statistical survey answers to the following sorts ofquestions: To what extent do contemporary Chinese cultural values retain or diverge from core Confucian teachings? To what extent do the stereotypical contrasts between China and the United States hold? Where do Americans stand in their support oftraditional values and fundamental human relationships? Do Americans and Chinese share a common basis for mutual understanding? The four authors themselves are professors ofmass communication at various American universities. One is non-Chinese and the three others are originally China born and bred; the former offers survey-method expertise and the latter provide their insiders' perspective and scholarly knowledge ofChina. Although their main aim is to conduct cross-national comparison research between China and the United States—"usually opposing poles"—their subsidiary aim is to weigh the media's effects on sociocultural change. To further contextualize their data and make additional inferences about the forces influencing social change, they compare the U.S. and Chinese data with two other noncommunist, Confucian cultures, notably Taiwan and Korea. With the different disciplinary input and insights ofsenior Chinese sinologists, for example Frances Hsu, Wong Gongwu, Ambrose King, Anthony Yu, and a host ofother collaborators, they draft twenty-seven cultural-value items in survey -questionnaire form, eighteen ofthem consisting oftraditional Confucian ideas—for example "three obediences and four virtues," "younger people respect older people," "benevolent fathers and filial sons," "harmony is precious," and "respect tradition"—that together make up four conceptual domains: "male-female relationships," "kinship relations," "relations in an authoritarian hierarchy," and "general interpersonal relationships." The respondents consisted of two© 1996 fry University thousand Shanghai regional residents (approximatelyhalfrural, halfurban), two thousand-plus American residents from various urban areas housing major universities and one rural Florida sample, 960 Taiwan respondents, and 530 Korean respondents. The authors start offwith a macroscopic look at the comparative ofHawai'i Press 5?6 China Review International: Vol. 3, No. 2, Fall 1996 data, further evaluate it in terms of demographic characteristics—for example gender, age, education, income, occupation, and marital status—and then look at it again for configurative patterns. Throughout, they try to interpret their data against theories of modernization and social change. Caveats are many and necessary. For example, the main two-country samples may be unrepresentative, with more country than city folks in the China sample than in the United States; fixed universale such as age and gender may assume different implications in different cultures; and American and Chinese sociopolitical , administrative, and economic conditions vary greatly. Moreover, what people say and what people actually do can be very different. Further, trying to find equivalent wording—that is, rendering classical Confucian ideas and phrases into English—proved tricky and troublesome. Taking "harmony" as an example, the authors suggest that propaganda-weary Chinese may have endorsed this value as a return to stability; independent and individualistic Americans, on the other hand, may have spurned this same value because the authors chose to retain its Chinese essence by translating "harmony" into English as "yielding to others' wishes." In addition, heavy-handed Communist assaults on traditional Confucian ideas and phrasings may have tainted some of the Chinese responses, influencing the respondents toward disavowal rather than support ofkey Confucian teachings. In the end, the overwhelming result is this: China is much changed, and it is changing in a way that is different from the United States. There are some surprising results that signify a significant shift away from key Confucian values, probably as a result, the authors think, of four decades of Communist anti-Confucian campaigns. In addition, Americans embrace more traditional values than expected, particularly in the areas of male-female, authority...

In order to explore the influence mechanism of traditional Chinese culture values on urban residents’ acceptance of the reuse of recycled water, this paper selects interdependent self-constructional indicators representing the dependency relation between people as the representative of traditional culture values. In this paper, interdependent self-constructional indicators are introduced based on a technology acceptance model (TAM), in order to establish a hypothesis model. Following this, the writer conducts a study that shows the influence on the acceptance of recycled water through the formation of interdependent self-construction. Finally, the influence mechanism of traditional cultural values on citizens’ behavior regarding the reuse of recycled water is determined. To start with, the writer verifies the reliability and validity of data from 584 samples, and then tests the goodness-of-fit between the sample data and the hypothesis model by AMOS21.0 (software). On this basis, the writer analyzes the direct and indirect influence through the hypothesis model and finds that the interdependent self-constructional intensity will accelerate the acceptance process of recycled water technology by positively influencing a change in the residents’ attitudes to recycled water. The conclusion shows that traditional Chinese cultural values have a certain influence on urban residents’ acceptance of the reuse of recycled water. Meanwhile, the writer clarifies the influence’s mechanism.

ObjectivesThis study examines the association between cultural orientation and drinking behaviors among university students. Cultural orientation is the measure of how the cultural values of individuals living in their own society are influenced by cultural values introduced from the outside.MethodsIn 2011, a cross-sectional survey collected data from 1279 university students from six universities in central China. Participants used a likert scale to rank a series of statements reflecting cultural values from the previously validated Chinese Cultural Orientation Scale and answered questions about their drinking behaviors and socio-demographic characteristics.ResultsStatistically significant differences in cultural orientation were observed for gender, hometown and type of university attendance. Traditional-oriented students were more likely to be occasional drinkers or nondrinkers, while marginal-oriented students, bicultural-oriented students and western-oriented students were more likely to be regular drinkers. Bicultural orientation (OR = 1.80, P<0.05) and marginal orientation (OR = 1.64, P<0.05) increased the likelihood of the student being regular drinking, compared to students with traditional orientations. Males (OR = 4.40, P<0.05) had a higher likelihood of regular drinking than females, graduate students (OR = 2.59, P<0.05) had a higher likelihood of regular drinking than undergraduates, students from urban areas (OR = 1.79, P<0.05) had a higher likelihood of regular drinking than those from towns/rural areas, and students attending key universities (OR = 0.48, P<0.05) had a lower likelihood of regular drinking than those attending general universities.ConclusionsCultural orientation influences drinking behaviors. Traditional cultural orientation was associated with less drinking while western cultural orientation, marginal cultural orientation and bicultural orientation were associated with more drinking. The role of gender, hometown and university attendance is partially moderated through the influence of cultural orientation. The relationship between a traditional cultural orientation and alcohol drinking suggests that traditional Chinese cultural values should be examined for their role in possibly reducing alcohol-related risks through education and policy initiatives.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report the results of a study undertaken to investigate the effect of Chinese traditional cultural values on the gift‐giving behavior of consumers in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and to check the moderating effects of Chinese traditional cultural values on a consumer's purchase intention and self‐consistency.Design/methodology/approachUsing a survey among a large sample of people in four cities, gift‐giving behavior, purchase intention and self‐consistency of the consumer in purchasing decisions were measured by the scale. The Chinese traditional cultural values include Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to analyze the data.FindingsResults indicates that Chinese traditional cultural values have significant moderating effects on gift‐buying intention accords with gift‐giver's image and purchase intention accords with gift‐receiver's image. Consumers with higher value orientation are more careful about consistency between gifts with self‐image and receiver's image.Research limitations/implicationsResearch results should be interpreted with caution as the study was limited to several major cities in the PRC. Also the questionnaire has neglected some people who did not fully understand the questions.Practical implicationsThis study points out those Chinese traditional values that play an important role in gift‐buying decisions. Results will provide some professional opinion for some insider engage in gift marketing and add new viewpoints.Originality/valueThe paper develops new scales for measuring constructs such as Chinese traditional cultural values, attitude for gift‐giving and gift‐buying intention.

This study examined Chinese inpatients' views on what aspects of a nurses' focused, structured therapy group worked to help their psychological and interpersonal problems and what traditional Chinese cultural values influenced their viewpoints. Nine Chinese inpatients with mental illness participated in the four-session nurses' focused, structured therapy group. After they completed the last session of therapy, they were invited to participate in a structured interview and a semi-structured interview regarding their perceptions of the change mechanisms in nurses' focused, structured group therapy. The semi-structured interviews were recorded and transcribed to be further analysed according to the principal of content analysis. The results indicate that (i) all patients believed that a nurses' focused, structured group psychotherapy enhanced their interpersonal learning and improved the quality of their lives, (ii) traditional Chinese cultural values--those emphasizing the importance of maintaining harmonious interpersonal relationships--influenced the Chinese inpatients' expression of negative emotions in the group and their motivation on interpersonal learning. In conclusion, we found that transcultural modification for applying Western group psychotherapy in Chinese culture was needed. The modification included establishing a 'pseudo-kin' or 'own people' relationship among group members and the therapists, organizing warm-up exercises and structured activities, applying projective methods and focusing on the issues of interpersonal relationships and interpersonal problems. The small sample size of the present study raises questions regarding how representative the views of the sample are with respect to the majority of Chinese inpatients. Nevertheless, this preliminary study revealed a cultural aspect in nursing training that requires significant consideration in order to work effectively with Chinese patients.

This paper explores whether any of the traditional aspects of Chinese culture discussed in the marketing and cross-cultural literature still apply to today's generation of Chinese students in the seemingly westernized location of Hong Kong. It finds that most of the traditional cultural beliefs are still endorsed although Hong Kong students also felt that they were quite independent, individual and creative-within the framework of respecting traditional values. The paper then discusses (on the basis of presenting the same set of students with the findings of this part of the research) how foreign universities might adapt their courses and programs to meet the cultural needs of Hong Kong students. It was found that universities need to adopt a delicate balance between respecting traditional Chinese values and concepts, and encompassing more westernized beliefs and attitudes which enable the students to learn in an environment which enables them to express their creativity and individualism, within a fundamentally quite conservative cultural environment. The value of the research is that it will help foreign universities position their programs and courses for this quite complex and subtle market.

On one hand, Chinese consumers are well known for conspicuous consumption and the adoption of luxury products and named brands. On the other hand, they also have a bad reputation for buying counterfeit products. Their simultaneous preferences for two contrasting types of product present a paradox that has not been addressed in the literature. This study attempts to present an explanation of this paradox by examining the effects of traditional Chinese cultural values and consumer values on consumers’ deontological judgment of pirated CDs and the amount of social benefits they perceive they gain from them. We interviewed 300 Hong Kong Chinese consumers, and found that face consciousness increased materialism and risk aversion, thereby producing a favorable deontological judgment of pirated CDs. Face consciousness also has a direct effect on the amount of social benefits perceived in pirated CDs. Both favorable deontological judgment and perceived social benefits contributed to a strong intention to buy pirated CDs. The results are discussed in a cultural perspective.

Employing the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodology, this study provides an incisive exploration into the nexus between traditional Chinese cultural values and their impact on consumer decision-making processes. The central objective was to ascertain the degree to which these ingrained cultural values shape purchasing behaviors. Our systematic review discerns a pronounced effect of these cultural tenets on consumer choices within the Chinese market. It reveals that the purchasing decisions of Chinese consumers are inextricably linked to specific cultural value orientations. For enterprises seeking to penetrate or thrive in this market, a nuanced comprehension of these cultural dimensions is imperative for crafting successful marketing strategies and customer engagement approaches. The findings of this research are instrumental in offering crucial insights for aligning business strategies with the unique preferences and behavioral patterns of Chinese consumers.

ObjectivesThe consequences of long-lasting restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic have become a topical question in the latest research. The present study aims to analyze longitudinal changes in adolescents’ social emotional skills, resilience, and behavioral problems. Moreover, the study addresses the impact of adolescents’ social emotional learning on changes in their resilience and behavioral problems over the course of seven months of the pandemic.MethodsThe Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2) measuring points were in October 2020 and May 2021, characterized by high mortality rates and strict restrictions in Europe. For all three countries combined, 512 questionnaires were answered by both adolescents (aged 11-13 and 14-16 years) and their parents. The SSIS-SEL and SDQ student self-report and parent forms were used to evaluate adolescents’ social emotional skills and behavioral problems. The CD-RISC-10 scale was administered to adolescents to measure their self-reported resilience. Several multilevel models were fitted to investigate the changes in adolescents’ social emotional skills, resilience, and behavioral problems, controlling for age and gender. Correlation analysis was carried out to investigate how changes in the adolescents’ social emotional skills were associated with changes in their resilience and mental health adjustment.ResultsComparing T1 and T2 evaluations, adolescents claim they have more behavioral problems, have less social emotional skills, and are less prosocial than perceived by their parents, and this result applies across all countries and age groups. Both informants agree that COVID-19 had a negative impact, reporting an increment in the mean internalizing and externalizing difficulties scores and reductions in social emotional skills, prosocial behavior, and resilience scores. However, these changes are not very conspicuous, and most of them are not significant. Correlation analysis shows that changes in adolescents’ social emotional skills are negatively and significantly related to changes in internalized and externalized problems and positively and significantly related to changes in prosocial behavior and resilience. This implies that adolescents who experienced larger development in social emotional learning also experienced more increase in resilience and prosocial behavior and a decrease in difficulties.ConclusionDue to its longitudinal design, sample size, and multi-informant approach, this study adds to a deeper understanding of the pandemic’s consequences on adolescents’ mental health.

Does participation of nursing students in social activities affect their social emotional learning skills?

The study examined the relationship between Social-Emotional skills and Adolescent Well-Being among Secondary School Students in Delta Central Senatorial District, Delta State. The research used a correlational survey design with a population of 20,000 secondary school Adolescent students. The sample size included 500 secondary school Adolescent students chosen using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Data was collected using the "Social Skills, Emotional Skills, and Adolescent Well-being Questionnaire" (SSESAAWBQ). The research questions were addressed using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, while the hypotheses were tested using linear regressions at a 0.05 significance level. The findings indicated a positive impact of social skills on adolescent well-being among secondary school students in the Delta Central senatorial district. However, no significant relationship was found between emotional skill and adolescent well-being. The study concluded that social skills significantly correlate with student well-being, while emotional skills do not. Based on the findings, schools were recommended to implement programs to enhance students' social competencies and incorporate comprehensive programs that integrate social and emotional learning.

This paper presents the results of a questionnaire-based study conducted at the "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacău, Romania. The study aimed at identifying students’ perception of the impact of educational games on their social emotional skills. The objectives of the study are: O1. to highlight the connection between game-based learning and social emotional learning skills; O2. to identify students' perceptions of the effects of learning games on their social-emotional learning skills in the context of online education; O3. to systematise the main arguments for using learning games to build social-emotional learning skills. A questionnaire consisting of a series of closed questions answered by 200 students from different study programmes was used for data collection. The results obtained made it possible to determine both students' perceptions of the impact of educational games on their professional and personal development and to formulate suggestions for the use of games to build social-emotional learning skills in higher education.

Introduction Sport has many advantages such as anger control, focus, and staying away from harmful habits. Dance is one of the most enjoyable sports activities, it has positive physiological and psychological effects, reduces depressive symptoms, increases self-esteem, self-confidence, and quality of life. Zumba, which includes both dance and sports, is defined as the “practice of feeling happy.” Zumba has positive effects on psychosocial well-being. A visually impaired adolescent with high self-esteem and social-emotional learning skills accepts themselves, realizes his abilities, feels strong and takes an active role in society. This study was conducted to determine the effect of sports-based group work on the social-emotional learning skills and self-esteem of visually impaired adolescents. Method Experimental and control groups consisting of 10 visually impaired adolescents were determined in the study, in which the full experimental design was used. Zumba Fitness Exercise Program and group work were applied simultaneously to the experimental group. No application was made to the control group. Results As a result of the study, it was determined that the Zumba Fitness Program and group work increased the social emotional learning skills and self-esteem of visually impaired adolescents. Discussion When the literature is examined, it is seen that there are similar studies with the results of this study. Implications for practitioners It is an important fact that these programs for visually impaired adolescents contribute to their self-esteem and social emotional skills. Therefore, the number of such studies should be increased.