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Abstract
The article provides an extensive review of the protracted crisis in Libya, triggered in 2011 by the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi and meanwhile grown into a multi-faceted conflict with all the classic characteristic features: political disunity and foreign interventions. It traces the line of historical development from the autocratic rule of Gaddafi through the development of rival governments, subsequent civil wars, and how the country has retained a locus of instability. Key themes explored include the role of internal divisions and external actors in perpetuating the conflict, such as the involvement of countries like Turkey, Egypt, the US or Russia, alongside their various strategic interests in the region. The article also argues that despite the limited success of the UN and EU in resolving the crisis, recent geopolitical shifts— such as the reorientation of Libya's traditional backers towards the Middle East—offer a new potential window for stabilization. Accordingly, the article reviews the prospects of the EU in playing an important role in shaping Libya’s future, assessing the opportunities and constraints it may face in the current geopolitical context and analysing the EU's options for promoting political stability, economic recovery, and institutional reforms.
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