The Legacy of a Genius: Fundamental and Applied Aspects (On the 100th Anniversary of A.M. Ugolev’s Birth)

Answering opportunity's knock

Twenty-six years anniversary (1992-2018) of Food Research International: An overview of research trends.

Science question level and its relationship to science topic interest level and achievement in reading, mathematics, and science were explored for eight classes of seventh graders (n=106). Each student completed a science topic interest rating scale, wrote four science questions (two on least interesting topics, and two on most interesting topics), and completed scholastic aptitude tests. The questions were rated using a science question rating scale. There were significant positive relationships between questions written for low and high science topic interest levels, and also significant positive relationships between question level and achievement in reading, mathematics, and science.

Twenty-Five Years Study (1995-2019) of Food and Bioproducts Processing: An Overview of Research Trends

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Alabama Math, Science, and Technology Initiative (AMSTI)

The study of jewelry in Ukraine and scientific achievements in the process of researching the art of goldsmithing is determined primarily by the return to our own Ukrainian authenticity and the need to reconstruct different historical periods in order to actively comprehend our cultural values. The article’s purpose is to research the life and scientific achievements of Ukrainian scholars in terms of studying Ukrainian goldsmithing under the pressure of Soviet influence on the cultural background. To achieve this goal, historiographic, analytical-synthetic and comparative-contrastive methods were used. In her article, the author emphasizes the negative influence of the Soviet authorities through the prism of the life and creative path of scholars who studied the 16th–19th-century Ukrainian goldsmithing. The article not only highlights scientific achievements of such Ukrainian jewellery-researchers as Volodymyr Peretts, Danylo Shcherbakivskyi, Mark Petrenko, but also analyzes their life and scientific path in the Soviet era. The work is recommended for anyone who is interested in the history of Ukrainian jewellery development. In the future, it can be used for researching artifacts and monuments of material culture, for deeply observing cultural strata in different historical periods, and for comprehending of scientific achievements in the study of jewellery’s role and influence on the formation of national identity and global cultural space.

The article is devoted to the problem of the formation and implementation of a professional at different stages of life, professional and work path, which is relevant in practical and theoretical terms. The purpose of the article is to define and substantiate the tiered structure of individual professionalization. The formal basis for identifying the levels of professionalization of a person was various types of age: the age of the life path, the age of the labor path and the age of the professional path. The substantive basis is the specific patterns and neoplasms characteristic of each age of the professional. The article analyzes the specificity of a person's professional path, which is considered as a process and result of the development of the subject of a specific professional activity. The stages of the professional path and the tasks solved by a person at this level have been identified. It has been established that the professional path is a polycyclic education and is implemented in accordance with the principles of specialization and efficiency. The article defines the specifics of the work path, as a process and result of the development of the subject of labor. It was revealed that the work way is a non-professional education. It is realized through specific types of professional activity, but is not limited to them. The labor path is a monocyclic education, but it consists of cycles of the professional path corresponding to the types of professions and specialties that a person owns. The article analyzes the psychological content of a person's life path, the components of which are the labor and professional path. It has been determined that the path of life acts as a psychological context for solving problems of the labor and professional path. It is the basis for the formation of an attitude towards professionalization and influences the definition of its life meaning. It is shown that the successful implementation of the labor and professional path has a positive effect on the content of the path of life, expands the repertoire of the types of his life, increases his vitality and resilience.

Antecedents affecting science achievement scores in classrooms in Trinidad and Tobago

In the second part of the 19th century, at the dawn of modern science, associations were formed by those who were interested in exploring nature and learning about the newest achievements in science. These associations originated in Germany, but also existed in other countries, among them in Russia; their name represented an adaptation of the German Gesellschaft fur Naturforscher (i.e., association encompassing people interested in the exploration of nature). These groups held frequent meetings, with lectures and discussions, and some even had their own publications (the predecessors of modern scientific journals). Among other places, such a group existed in Warsaw, in the Grand Duchy of Poland, then part of the Russian Empire. One hundred years ago, at the March 21, 1903, meeting of this local association, a young assistant at the Botanical Institute of Warsaw University presented a paper, “On a New Category of Adsorption Phenomena and Their Application in Biochemical Analysis”. For those in attendance, this lecture did not mean too much; they did not realize that it represented the start of a method that eventually changed the way analysis is carried out in laboratories. The young assistant presenting the paper was M.S. Tswett, and the technique that grew out of the reported preliminary investigations is chromatography. Therefore, this year we celebrate the centenary of its invention. Much had been published on the life and activities of Tswett, and I do not want to repeat this information. What we should rather emphasize on this occasion is the importance of Tswett’s concept, radically different than the prevailing philosophy of how natural substances were investigated 100 years ago. At that time, the key words were isolation and crystallization: isolation of a single substance from an excess quantity of material and then purifying it through crystallization. For example, when Richard Willstatter was investigating plant chlorophylls, large quantities of dried poison ivy had to be worked up first. When finally a sufficient quantity of the raw substance was isolated, it was further purified by selective extraction and crystallization, and then it was studied by carrying out various chemical reactions with the compound. Tswett was the first to point out that it is not enough to isolate one single substance. One must study all of the compounds present in order to see their interaction, and in their study, one should have the individual substances as close to their native form as possible; chemical manipulations and derivative forming may alter the original substances present in nature. Tswett also demonstrated that chromatography (the method he described for the first time in this lecture) can provide separated substances that are at least as pure as the classical methods of extraction and crystallization. This belief represented a radical change in the philosophy of organic-biochemical research, and it took 30 years until it was

The article reveals the role of a prominent personality in the formation of Ukrainian business culture, using the life path and scientific achievements of Ivan Puluj as an example. A general understanding of the concept of business culture as a part of the intangible economy, which includes a valuable and mental segment, is provided. The article states that various factors influence the formation of business culture, such as: education and art, science and technology, language and religion, values and relationships, state policy and social order (social organization), etc. The article describes the life path, scientific achievements, social and political activities of Ivan Puluj – one of the outstanding Ukrainians and scientific figures of the world scale. His main inventions that changed the world are mentioned. These include: work with cathode-ray tubes and gas-discharge lamps; the invention of an incandescent lamp of a new design that shone for 100 hours; the improvement of the device for determining the mechanical heat equivalent; invention and construction of a vacuum lamp; the invention of a thermometer to measure the temperature of the unique depths of the earth; the invention and patenting of the miner’s lamp; the patenting of the design of telephone stations and telephone sets; participation in the opening of the first AC power plant; participation in the launch the first tram line in Prague; as well as research and discovery of the properties of cathode rays; and performing the world’s first X-ray of a child’s body. The article emphasizes that, according to Ivan Puluj himself, his most valuable contribution was the first translation of the Bible into Ukrainian. The article substantiates that the figure of Ivan Puluj as a highly spiritual, deeply patriotic personality, a philanthropist, a promoter of the Ukrainian idea, education, as well as the language, caused and can still cause a significant impact on the formation of Ukrainian and international business culture.

The article analyses the life path and activities of the world-recognized Polish scientist, inventor, metallurgist, patron and philanthropist, writer, professor of the Warsaw Polytechnic Jan Czochralski (1885 - 1953). He is considered one of the four most famous and most cited Polish scientists who influenced the development of civilization. In terms of the greatness and significance of his scientific achievements, he is placed in the same row as the world-famous Poles M. Copernicus, M. Skłodowska-Curie, I. Łukasiewicz, who not only glorified Poland, but also changed the world. The purpose of the article is to study and analyze the main milestones of J. Czochralski's creative activity and the role of his scientific achievements. Research methods. Theoretical methods were used as synthesis analysis, systematization, comparison, classification, generalization. The results. The life path, the main stages of Jan Czochralski's activity against the background of historical events of the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries are revealed. The trials that the scientist underwent, unjust accusations of helping the Third Reich, and the reasons for his persecution are shown (he was fully rehabilitated only in 2011). Patriotism, hard work, perseverance, humanism, which contributed to successful teaching activities are emphasized as the personal qualities of Jan Czochralski. The most important achievements of the outstanding Polish scientist are analysed: the method of growing silicon single crystals, which are used in modern electronic and digital technology, in solar energy, and in jewellery; the discovery of alloys for railway bearings (known as B-metal); the invention of the radio microscope as the predecessor of the modern atomic force microscope, the enrichment of research tools. Jan Czochralski is a scientist, inventor, metallurgist, and philanthropist. He started processes that we now interpret as technology transfer. He is an author of poetry collections and manuals, a university professor who created a new image of a teacher, an entrepreneur and a person who believed in family values. He was a comprehensively developed personality who combined intellectual achievements and aesthetics, spiritual and moral qualities and hard work. Conclusions. The expediency of wider popularization of the figure of J. Czochralski in modern educational institutions as a comprehensively developed personality, as a model for younger generations to follow is shown.

by Philip E. Nelson, 2007 World Food Prize Laureate; Professor Emeritus, Food Science Dept., Purdue Univ. Just as society has evolved over time, our food system has also evolved over centuries into a global system of immense size and complexity. The commitment of food science and technology professionals to advancing the science of food, ensuring a safe and abundant food supply, and contributing to healthier people everywhere is integral to that evolution. Food scientists and technologists are versatile, interdisciplinary, and collaborative practitioners in a profession at the crossroads of scientific and technological developments. As the food system has drastically changed, from one centered around family food production on individual farms and home food preservation to the modern system of today, most people are not connected to their food nor are they familiar with agricultural production and food manufacturing designed for better food safety and quality. The Institute of Food Technologists-a nonprofit scientific society of individual members engaged in food science, food technology, and related professions in industry, academia, and government-has the mission to advance the science of food and the long-range vision to ensure a safe and abundant food supply contributing to healthier people everywhere. IFT convened a task force and called on contributing authors to develop this scientific review to inform the general public about the importance and benefits of food science and technology in IFT's efforts to feed a growing world. The main objective of this review is to serve as a foundational resource for public outreach and education and to address misperceptions and misinformation about processed foods. The intended audience includes those who desire to know more about the application of science and technology to meet society's food needs and those involved in public education and outreach. It is IFT's hope that the reader will gain a better understanding of the goals or purposes for various applications of science and technology in the food system, and an appreciation for the complexity of the modern food supply. Abstract: This Institute of Food Technologists scientific review describes the scientific and technological achievements that made possible the modern production-to-consumption food system capable of feeding nearly 7 billion people, and it also discusses the promising potential of ongoing technological advancements to enhance the food supply even further and to increase the health and wellness of the growing global population. This review begins with a historical perspective that summarizes the parallel developments of agriculture and food technology, from the beginnings of modern society to the present. A section on food manufacturing explains why food is processed and details various food processing methods that ensure food safety and preserve the quality of products. A section about potential solutions to future challenges briefly discusses ways in which scientists, the food industry, and policy makers are striving to improve the food supply for a healthier population and feed the future. Applications of science and technology within the food system have allowed production of foods in adequate quantities to meet the needs of society, as it has evolved. Today, our production-to-consumption food system is complex, and our food is largely safe, tasty, nutritious, abundant, diverse, convenient, and less costly and more readily accessible than ever before. Scientific and technological advancements must be accelerated and applied in developed and developing nations alike, if we are to feed a growing world population.

The article is devoted to the problem of the influence of life and professional self-determination on the formation of the personality of a future specialist in early adolescence, readiness for professional activity in the process of studying at a higher education institution. The author analyzes modern approaches to the process of professional formation of a future specialist in the current conditions of studying in higher education institutions. The importance of realizing the responsibility for competent design of one's life and professional path in the process of professional development and the formation of such a subjectivity based on the reflection of one's own self-changing is considered. It has been found that the partnership educational dialogue in the teacher-student system is only an external guide for the latter, directing his/her efforts to find the meaning of his/her life. At the same time, the activation of the reflection mechanism helps to transfer this process to the internal plane, which makes it personally significant. This, in turn, intensifies the construction of various programs of one's life path: personal development, professional formation or career growth, creative expression, development of certain abilities, achievement of harmonious development or spiritual perfection, etc. It is emphasized that a future specialist should be aware of his/her responsibility for competently designing his/her own life and professional path; take care that the profession he/she has chosen becomes a “matter of life” for him/her, to which he/she will be devoted and about which he/she will care more than about protecting his/her “I”. The life and professional value orientations of respondents are analyzed. It is emphasized that values are motivational competencies, certain guiding and accelerating motives of human behavior, activity, including professional activity. It is proved that giving a professional orientation to the life aspirations and motives of the behavior of a higher education student is an important moment in the formation of the personality of a future specialist-philologist, the formation of stable life views, professional beliefs.

Diet is a cornerstone of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and treatment efforts. Step I and Step II diets are widely recommended as the first line of CVD intervention.1 At the core of this dietary guidance are the recommendations to decrease saturated fat and cholesterol and to consume more fruits, vegetables, and whole grain products. Information from an extensive database, especially regarding saturated fat, indicates that these diets significantly lower blood cholesterol levels, a major risk factor for CVD. Consequently, it is beyond debate that these diets reduce CVD risk. Since the advent of Step I and Step II diets, nutritionists have sought to develop effective implementation strategies, including identifying dietary patterns that augment the beneficial effects of these diets. Recent findings indicate that we are making impressive progress in attaining these goals. There is provocative evidence from the Lyon Diet Heart Study2 suggesting that a Mediterranean-style, Step I diet (emphasizing more bread, more root vegetables and green vegetables, more fish, less beef, lamb and pork replaced with poultry, no day without fruit, and butter and cream replaced with margarine high in α-linolenic acid) has effects that may be superior to those observed for the usual Step I diet. These findings raise the interesting, but not yet corroborated, question of whether a modified Step I diet (ie, a Mediterranean-style Step I diet) that features a dietary pattern consistent with the new American Heart Association (AHA) Dietary Guidelines may augment the Step I or Step II diets that are presently implemented in clinical practice. Defining a Mediterranean-style diet is challenging given the broad geographical region, including at least 16 countries, that borders the Mediterranean Sea. As would be expected, there are cultural, ethnic, religious, economic, and agricultural production differences that result in different dietary practices in these areas and that …

Research has shown that students’ home background is a major factor to consider when assessing students’ learning outcome in science subjects among high school students. This paper therefore investigates how family background determines students’ academic achievement in science among high school students in southeast Nigeria. Among the three research questions raised by the study, the main one is- how does family background influence students’ academic achievement in science subjects among high school students in Southeast Nigeria? A total N=220 randomly selected from a population of science students in senior secondary schools in southeast Nigeria formed the sample size. Student’s survey questionnaire (SSQ) on a 5-point Likert scale was used as an instrument for data collection. A quantitative research design was adopted while the collected data was descriptively measured to establish the association between the two variables. The result shows that students whose parents acquired better education and higher income levels would positively support their children’s education in science subjects compared to those with lower education and income. The study concludes that the learning outcome of students in science subjects are pre-determined by the kind of family background they have, this indicates that the socio-economic status (SES) of parents is a key determinant of students’ academic achievement in science subjects in Southeast Nigeria. Keywords: Family Background: Socio-Economic Status: Parents’ Education: Parents’ Employment Status: Academic Performance.