The landfill directive and the challenge ahead: demands and pressures on the UK householder

Abstract

Abstract Despite its lowly position on the waste hierarchy, landfill remains the predominant method of disposal in the UK. It currently accounts for disposal of 85% of municipal solid waste, despite the presence of national policies and targets to increase recycling and divert waste from landfill. However, the implementation of the EU Landfill Directive into the UK legislation in 2001 will place increasing pressure on the householder to participate in more sustainable waste management practices. This research will consider the different approaches available at a local level to meet one of the more pressing targets in the Directive — to reduce ultimately the disposal of biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) in the UK to 35% of 1995 levels. Significant changes in practice are required if the targets are to be met. This will require an increase in the availability of alternative options such as recycling and composting and place greater pressure on the householder to respond positively. At present there is little incentive for the householder in the UK to divert waste from disposal, as there is no penalty for non-participation in recycling schemes, and ease of disposal has generated apathy towards more time consuming alternative management options. International case studies have shown that direct charging is one approach that can produce dramatic results in terms of increased recycling and waste minimisation. Pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) schemes place responsibility on the householder to manage their waste in a more sustainable manner, with economics being the motivator. Reluctance to incorporate such an approach, and its applicability in the UK, form the focus of discussion and alternatives are considered with respect to changing behaviour, increasing participation and meeting the BMW waste targets.