Abstract
This chapter discusses the transformation of the Kurdish movement in Turkey in the 1990s when Ankara deployed a strategy of depopulation of the Kurdish countryside deporting the local peasants to destroy the basis of the Kurdish insurgency. This strategy turned a large part of the region’s peasant population into a class of urban poor. As the character of the region shifted from rural to predominantly urban, so did the Kurdish movement. In the 1990s, the PKK vastly expanded its social base beyond the peasantry to the urban working and middle classes and became the hegemonic force of a much wider Kurdish movement. Over the course of the decade, this process allowed pro-Kurdish parties to win a large part of the local administrations of the region.
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