Abstract
BackgroundPulse rate (PR) indicates heart beat rhythm and contains various intrinsic characteristics of peripheral regulation. Pulse rate variability (PRV) is a reliable method to assess autonomic nervous system function quantitatively as an effective alternative to heart rate variability. However, the frequency range of PRV is limited by the temporal resolution of PR based on heart rate and it is further restricted the exploration of optimal autoregulation frequency based on spectral analysis.MethodsRecently, a new novel method, called instantaneous PRV (iPRV), was proposed. iPRV breaks the limitation of temporal resolution and extends the frequency band. Moreover, iPRV provides a new frequency band, called very high frequency band (VHF; 0.4-0.9 Hz).ResultsThe results showed that the VHF indicated the influences of respiratory maneuvers (paced respiration at 6-cycle and 30-cycle) and the nonstationary condition (head-up tilt; HUT).ConclusionsVHF is as a potential indication of autoregulation in higher frequency range and with peripheral regulation. It helps for the frequency exploration of cardiovascular autoregulation.
Highlights
Pulse rate (PR) indicates heart beat rhythm and contains various intrinsic characteristics of peripheral regulation
The frequency range of Pulse rate variability (PRV) spectrum depends on temporal resolution of the pulse rate series in time domain, and it limits the indication of intrinsic nonstationary fluctuations in high frequency range based on PRV analysis [5]
Though several literatures investigated that the nonlinear methods, such as multiscale entropy or higher order spectral analysis, provide nonlinear estimator for autonomic nervous system (ANS) activities evaluation, beat-to-beat intervals as target signal still limit the indication of these methods and cannot present continuous-time nonstationary intrinsic characteristics of pulse rhythm, such as its intrawave frequency modulation, in much higher frequency band (>0.5 Hz)
Summary
Pulse rate (PR) indicates heart beat rhythm and contains various intrinsic characteristics of peripheral regulation. The frequency range of PRV spectrum depends on temporal resolution of the pulse rate series in time domain, and it limits the indication of intrinsic nonstationary fluctuations in high frequency range based on PRV analysis [5]. Though several literatures investigated that the nonlinear methods, such as multiscale entropy or higher order spectral analysis, provide nonlinear estimator for ANS activities evaluation, beat-to-beat intervals as target signal still limit the indication of these methods and cannot present continuous-time nonstationary intrinsic characteristics of pulse rhythm, such as its intrawave frequency modulation, in much higher frequency band (>0.5 Hz). In order to breakthrough this limitation and explore those intrinsic fluctuations in much higher frequency band caused by autoregulation, the nonstationary feature extraction method should be performed to sift the continuous-time intrinsic characteristics
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