The Interplay of Ballet and Literature: Translation Issues

The article examines the general and specific aspects of the issues of literary translation from Kazakh literature into a foreign one, the possibilities of bringing the translated text closer to the original, achievements and shortcomings in this area, their causes. The question of observing a literary linguistic text and reproducing it in another language has long attracted the attention of translation practitioners and theorists, and various, sometimes contradictory, scientific views on this problem have been expressed. The issues of translation of the works of Kazakh writers into Russian and other languages are studied by philologists of Kazakhstan for a long period of time. However, every year there is an increasing need to systematize the available translations and publish generalizing studies. The issues of translation of literary texts of Kazakh writers into Russian and other languages are studied by philologists of the country for a long period of time. However, this topic is still relevant, since the problem of translating literary texts in Kazakh translation studies requires research. Literary translation is considered one of the most difficult types of translation and is also a kind of word-making art. Thus, the relevance of this article is due to the need to systematize the history of the formation and development of Kazakh translation studies. Among Western countries, France, Germany, Hungary, and the United States show the greatest interest in domestic literature. Among the countries of the foreign East are Turkey, the Republic of Korea, India, Pakistan, Iran, China, Mongolia. The largest number of researchers of the creativity of Kazakh writers and poets are represented by France, Germany, Pakistan, and Turkey. Artistic translations preserve and transmit the literary heritage of the post-Soviet period, which includes a variety of languages, traditions, and customs, and are also a connecting bridge between countries, transmitting the richness of culture and mentality of peoples. In fact, the artistic style is the area of functioning of various functional styles: conversational, official-business, journalistic, even scientific and technical. It is the dynamics of the forms of existence of various linguistic units and the alternation of forms that is particularly difficult in artistic translation.

The current article surveys the scope and the major assumptions of domestic critical discourse on literary translation from English into Lithuanian since 1990. The market conditions have changed enormously since Lithuania moved to a market-free economy and chose a democratic ruling system, thus affecting all the spheres of culture, including literary and translation production. Critical evaluation of quality, adequacy, norms and other related issues of literary translation does not seem to keep pace with a rapid production of literary translation. Since the publication of a textbook on translation by Armalytė and Pažūsis (1990), no other fundamental work has been published in this area. The current review of critical discourse on literary translation includes two major sources of periodical literature – that is, academic papers in scholarly magazines and critical reviews in newspapers and magazines targeting wider readership. The major aim of this review is to identify the potentials and limits of national critical discourse by examining topic areas, critical standards applied to the evaluation of actual translations, and some metadiscoursal issues.

The current article surveys the scope and the major assumptions of domestic critical discourse on literary translation from English into Lithuanian since 1990. The market conditions have changed enormously since Lithuania moved to a market-free economy and chose a democratic ruling system, thus affecting all the spheres of culture, including literary and translation production. Critical evaluation of quality, adequacy, norms and other related issues of literary translation does not seem to keep pace with a rapid production of literary translation. Since the publication of a textbook on translation by Armalytė and Pažūsis (1990), no other fundamental work has been published in this area. The current review of critical discourse on literary translation includes two major sources of periodical literature – that is, academic papers in scholarly magazines and critical reviews in newspapers and magazines targeting wider readership. The major aim of this review is to identify the potentials and limits of national critical discourse by examining topic areas, critical standards applied to the evaluation of actual translations, and some metadiscoursal issues.

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The article emphasizes that the state, the most important problems and prospects for the development of the sphere of physical culture and sports are determined by external and internal factors that directly or indirectly affect specific quantitative and qualitative indicators of its functioning. The modern market socio-economic system of Ukraine contributes to the formation and development of the main components of the market of physical culture and sports services. One of the foundations of the state policy in the field of physical culture and sports is to provide conditions for supporting the areas of physical culture and sports. The formation and implementation of state policy in the field provides a list of indicators of the state of development of physical culture and sports, namely, indicators of the level: physical health of different population groups; attracting citizens to mass sports; involvement of persons with disabilities in physical education and sports rehabilitation; attraction of children and youth, including children and youth with disabilities, to classes in children’s and youth sports schools; achievements of Ukrainian athletes at international sports competitions, primarily the Olympic, Paralympic and Deaflympic Games, the Global Games for Athletes with Intellectual Disabilities, the World Games in non-Olympic sports; staffing in the sphere of physical culture and sports; financial and logistical support of the sphere of physical culture and sports; creation of conditions for access of persons with disabilities to sports facilities. These indicators are taken into account to monitor the state of development of physical culture and sports and to develop programs for its development both at the state and regional levels. A systematic analysis of the state of the sphere of physical culture and sports contributes to the optimization of the selected parameters and indicators using the socio-economic mechanism for the development of physical culture and sports services, the effectiveness of managing the physical culture and sports movement, which confirms the relevance of this study. Materials and Methods. The following methods were used in the study: analysis of scientific literature and documentary sources, Internet information resources, statistical data; advanced domestic experience; combination of logical and historical analysis; system analysis; methods of mathematical statistics. The main indicators of functioning and development of the sphere of physical culture and sports for the last 3 years are subject to analysis. Discussion. The current reporting system in Ukraine on the main indicators of health-improving and sports activities of certain subjects according to the reporting form № 2-FK (annual) is characterized. The authors noted the lack of an effective system of control over the activities of private physical culture and sports organizations, as well as representatives of the public sector, which affects the objectivity of information. The system of balanced indicators, which allow assessing the level of development of both the system as a whole and the degree of achievement of individual goals, should be formed depending on the strategic goals of the social policy of the country, region, territorial community and considered according to the criteria of socio-economic efficiency, consumer efficiency, internal mechanism of functioning as well as infrastructure. In the field of physical culture and sports, the integral indicator should reflect the degree of its influence on the achievement of universal global socio-economic goals with a socio-economic effect. Today, the system of functioning of the sphere of physical culture and sports can be represented in terms of indicators that characterize quantitative changes in the development of physical culture and sports proper (the number of people involved, sports facilities, the volume and structure of financing, etc.). The indicators of the second group characterize the degree of influence of the sphere of physical culture and sports on the achievement of social and economic goals facing the society. Results. The development of the sphere of physical culture and sports is possible when positioning it as a large, complex, dynamic, probabilistic and selforganizing system, in the management of which the principles of consistency, integrity, complexity and hierarchy, synergy and emergence, structuredness, balance of centralized and centralized are applied. An effective system of state management of physical culture and sports implies a clear distribution of areas of responsibility of its various subjects for individual components of the system, for the achievement of operational and strategic goals of its functioning. An important condition for the implementation of this principle is convenient, from a managerial point of view, quantitative information using the latest IT technologies and the transition to digital interaction. In order to improve the efficiency of the physical culture and sports management system using the principles of the balanced characteristics system, it is necessary to improve the organizational and managerial model of sports organizations, regardless of the form of ownership, and a unified reporting system on their activities.

The article addresses the issue of rendering keywords in a literary text when it is translated into another language. The material is Oscar Wilde’s novel “The Picture of Dorian Gray” and its Russian translation done by M. Abkina. It has been discovered that the most frequently used words in the novel are adjectives with negative evaluative connotations: monstrous, horrible, dreadful, hideous and such like. Among them monstrous stands out as the main keyword: besides frequency, it meets a number of other essential criteria. It appears in all significant episodes of the novel, it is characterized by lexical polyphony, great collocational variety, richness of contextual links and due to the component “morally wrong” in its semantics is connected with the author’s global artistic purport. The comparative research has shown that “monstrous” is split in the translation into 6 different Russian equivalents scattered throughout the novel, which deprives the text of the important unifying element.

The article highlights the main features of intersemiotic translation of a literary text, which is considered to be an expression of the author’s modality as a set of signs of various semiotic systems. Thus, the purpose of the study is to determine the linguistic and non-linguistic means of expressing modality in a literary text, the specifics of their interaction to generate meaning, and the features of their reproduction in intersemiotic translation. The object of modality in translation within a literary text is a set of signs encoded by the author of the source text and organized into a system that is decoded and reproduced by the translator both at the phonological, lexical, and syntactic levels and the semantic, emotional, and associative ones. The analysis of the category of modality from the standpoint of semiotics in literary texts involves decoding semiotic resources, symbols, and signs, taking into account the individual author’s, social, political, cultural, and national contexts. The process of interpreting and reproducing the sign configurations of individual author modality is carried out at the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic levels to achieve the corresponding aims. Thus, at the first stage, the forms and interactions of determinants are defined and interpreted whereas the second level involves consideration of the internal semantic plane of the research object, and, accordingly, at the third level, the influence and use of signs are outlined. It is proved that adequate literary translation is carried out based on the multimodality of the text that is viewed as a multimodal communication, within which meaning is generated by the configuration of different semiotic sign systems that require interpretation according to the principle of optimal relevance and creativity. The central concept of translation is semiosis as a process of interpretation of a sign and generation of meaning, that indicates the relationship of the sign with the outside world.

Focusing on the (re)mediation of traumatic pasts in literary texts and their translations, this chapter probes the heuristic value of conceptualizing literary memories as practices of translation and literary translations as practices of memory. Through a case study of the French novel Zone (2008) by Mathias Énard and its English (Charlotte Mandell 2010) and German (Holger Fock and Sabine Müller 2010) translations, it first explores the literary mediation of individual and collective trauma in the French source text before considering the remediation of these memories in translation. The analysis of three aspects of the translations – images of trauma, memories of the Algerian War of Independence and paratextual framings – demonstrates that translations, as products of interpretative reading and rewriting practices, produce difference and entail transformation. While they preserve the traumatic memories figured in the source text, they also modify and remediate them for the target reader. Negotiating between source and target cultures, literary translations are therefore important media of (trans)cultural memory because they guarantee the afterlife of texts in new environments, and contribute to memories’ ‘travels’ across the borders of book markets, languages and cultural spheres.

In the paper, we off er the translatological defi nition of the concept of culture, relevant for literary translation as a culturological phenomenon. We believe that the given defi nition combines the main aspects of its interpretation in culturology, socio-cultural anthropology, and intercultural communication. Such an approach allows outlining cultural background knowledge of the translator, which is necessary, on the one hand, for understanding of the text and, on the other, for the adequate translation of cultural information. The article analyses various theories of the understanding of culture and the tradition of its research in the translation studies, particularly in German translatology. The combination of interpretive, linguistic and translational turns in the cultural sciences is identifi ed as a perspective for translation studies. The attention focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of common interpretations. The paper considers the issues of meaningful and spatial defi nition of the concept of culture. The study characterizes the understanding of culture in the process of intercultural communication and the role of literary translation in it as well as clarifi es the peculiarities of the refl ection of culture in the literary text. The elements of culture that constitute translation problems are both extralinguistic concepts, i.e. phenomena and events that take place in a particular linguocultural community (the culture described by language), and “culturally conditioned” units of language as markers of a particular culture (the culture in language). In this research, we exemplify the possible ways of solving the problem of identifi cation and translation of cultural information in literary translation. It is important to complete a systematic description of culture in literary texts to enable its identifi cation at the macro- and microstructural levels. The article points out the need to consider the issue of identifi cation and translation of cultural information not only at the stage of implementation of the message in the language of translation, but also at the stages of decoding the source text and its recoding. The prospects for further research are outlined, which consist in the operationalization of the concept of culture at the empirical level, a systematic description of cultural manifestations in the source text, and a systematic approach to the reproduction of cultural information in the translated text. Key words: culture, translation studies, intercultural communication, literary translation, literary text.

The arts have drawn from many sources throughout history. Some like cinema more and others less. It seems. Literature has been one of the sources for adaptation in photography. But is it really possible to adapt literature and literary sources in photography and if so, how? literary text has a hug impact on reading ability and fully understand the text. In this paper, using a descriptive-context-analytical method, with the perspective of art anthropology.as a result Adaptation from literary sources is possible in text, but it is seen more in staged literary texts, and text writers have adapted more from literary texts than from prose, and the reason for this is that it is possible to adapt more freely than poetry. In order to be represented by literary texts, literary texts must have the capacity to create space, personify, and narrate. However, writers mostly use their mental and inner perception during text writings.

rent ways of their classifications and views of leading translationstudies scholars on their rendering into different languages. This paper alsoexamines stylistic value of metaphors in the literary text and concludes thatstylistic equivalence is one of the most important issues in translation. Themetaphor should correspond to the original grammatically, lexically, contextuallyand culturally. The study is based on the idea of possible applications of moderncognitive linguistics to the study of metaphors in the original text and itstranslation. The combination of cognitive and traditional methods of analysis oftranslational transformations opens up new prospects for the development of the162theory and practice of translation. It can characterize more fully the general lawsof the particular translation of the text and identify the individual characteristics ofthe works of individual translators. The metaphor can be translated either literallyor via paraphrasing or using the substitution techniques. Moreover, the translatorshould have special skills and competences which will allow them to render thetext in accordance with common rules, norms and principles. It is a key problemfor metaphor translation as soon as the interpreter is obliged to connect unusualimpression and emotional features of the source text to the perception of the readerof the target text. The most numerous category in Stephen King’s works is originalmetaphors. The evidence proves that, all metaphors were rendered withoutdestruction of meaning, even if functions d

Zimbabwe does not have a national language policy document on which the country's language practices are based. The language policy is usually inferred from the language practices that characterise various spheres of life. This article attempts to show how the language policy, which primarily influences text production in the country, has nurtured translation practice. The dominating role of English sees many texts, particularly technical texts, being translated from this language into chiShona and isiNdebele, which are national languages. Translation also occurs from the national languages into English, but this involves mainly literary texts with historical and cultural significance. English literature produced by Zimbabwean writers also displays this kind of translation. Translation between indigenous languages is minimal, as is the involvement of minority languages in translation. It is apparent that scholarly research in this area is not really visible. Subsequently, the potential of translation to facilitate communication and development across linguistic barriers is not fully explored. In that context, there are many issues for translation in Zimbabwe, including in-depth investigations on the issues that are highlighted in this article like the nature of languages involved, the directionality of translation, and the types of texts translated.

The hypothesis of the study is that cognitive-pragmatic aspects, and context-based utterances in literary texts can be problematic issues in translation due to differences between cultures and languages which can affect the quality of translation. On the basis of Gutt's (2000) cognitive-pragmatic theoretical framework of translation and Pedersen’s (2011) model of translation strategies, this thesis attempts to present a cognitive-pragmatic analysis of the translation of the Arabic novel ʽalā Hāmeš Al-Sīrah by Taha Hussein (1933) and its English translation entitled Marginalia on the Prophet’s Biograpgy by Mohamed Enani (2021). Gutt's cognitive-pragmatic model of translation has been built upon Relevance Theory of Sperber and Wilson (1995). According to Sperber and Wilson (1995), Relevance Theory is the main theoretical framework in the area of cognitive pragmatics and, according to Sperber and Wilson (1995), the only cognitive-pragmatic approach within translation studies. The results of the study show that the translation strategies that have been most applied to the selected data are generalization, specification and substitution. Due to the different cognitive environments of the source and target audiences, the indirect translation approach proved to be the appropriate method of translating the selected data. It enabled the translator to convey the intended message as much as possible without causing distortion or loss of meaning.

The essay examines Stanislaw Brzozowski’s ideas on mutual interactions between the sphere of culture and the realm of the political. It shows how Brzozowski made use of literary texts in order to elucidate social and political processes. In doing so, he insisted on a specific form of knowledge accessible through texts of literature and literary criticism, which are not limited by the mere “logic of notions.” Following Vico and Sorel Brzozowski detected an “irrational core” at the bases of human collectivities such as above all modern nations, and it is through literature that this core can be revealed. Brzozowski’s understanding of political ideas and concepts is informed—to a decisive degree—by the literary imagination. This can be shown by a semantic and rhetorical analysis of some of his later writings.

Introduction. The development of modern society is now affected by negative phenomena of natural and social nature, which makes it very important issues of social safety. The best way to achieve it is to implement the principles of sustainable development, which involves a harmonious combination of social, economic and environmental components.The purpose of the study. The purpose of the research presented in this article is to find scientifically sound ways to form social safety and achieve sustainable development in the country.Research methods. To achieve the goal of the study used a set of general scientific methods of cognition, namely: a systematic approach to the study of innovative aspects of sustainable development and social safety; classification and grouping – to analyze the factors contributing to the main goals of sustainable development; tabular – to highlight the components of the socio-economic environment that reflect indicators of social safety; statistical comparison – to assess living standards and in particular the level of food consumption; logical generalization – to substantiate the recommendations and formulate conclusions.The results of the study. As practice has shown, positive changes on the basis of sustainable development are achieved when their main drivers are science and socio- cultural sphere. At the same time, it is important to ensure social safety. Accordingly, the indicators that characterize the socio-economic situation in Ukraine and are indicators of the state of social safety are analyzed. Groups of factors are identified – economic, political, environmental and demographic, taking into account which will enable the successful implementation of the main goals of sustainable development. The necessity of priority development of the sphere of social and cultural services, which should contribute to guaranteeing social safety, is substantiated. The need to implement innovative activities in this direction is emphasized.Conclusions. Today, the innovation aspect must be crucial for sustainable development and social safety based on the development of science, which necessitates the training of professionals working at the level of world standards.Prospects for future research. Further research should be aimed at actively identifying and implementing factors contributing to the strengthening of the socio-cultural sphere in the direction of achieving social safety in Ukraine.