Abstract
Even before the attack upon the United States by Japan at Pearl Harbor and the subsequent declarations of war by Germany and Italy, the Inter-American Neutrality Committee had already been forced into a position where it could not fulfill the purposes for which it was originally intended. At the time of its creation by the meeting of Foreign Ministers at Panama in 1939, the Committee represented a genuine desire on the part of the American Republics to observe “certain standards” of neutral conduct which would insure their being able to maintain their status as neutral States; and in fulfillment of the functions assigned to it, the Committee proceeded to make “recommendations” which it believed to be in accord with the traditional principles of neutrality. The recommendation on the Security Zone, while upholding a departure by the American Republics from the specific rules of neutrality, was justified by the Committee on the basis of the fundamental right of self-defense under the conditions of modern submarine warfare.
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