The Integration of Technology in Ratio and Proportion Learning: A Systematic Literature Review

21st century education demands mastery of 4C skills (Critical Thinking, Collaboration, Creativity, Communication) as an important foundation in facing global challenges. Game Based Learning (GBL) offers an innovative learning approach that integrates game elements to support the development of these skills. This study aims to analyze GBL in optimizing students' 4C skills through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. Data were collected from relevant articles and books published between 2020–2024 using keywords such as learning media and 4C skills. The results of the study indicate that GBL has a significant impact on improving skills in critical thinking, collaboration, creativity, and communication in students. This study also shows that GBL creates an interactive and fun learning environment that can strengthen students' learning motivation. GBL is an effective learning medium to support the development of 4C skills. Wider implementation is expected to encourage students to become competent individuals who are ready to face the challenges of the globalization era.

Objective: In the 21st century, critical and creative thinking skills must be nurtured and grown from elementary school. The way to improve this ability can be done by utilizing Mathematics subjects but with a realistic approach that allows students to immediately learn critically and creatively according to the context of everyday life so that students can think organized and creatively in their lives, not limited to subjects. One way to facilitate the learning objectives of Mathematics with a Realistic Approach is to utilize e-comic learning media that allows students to see the context of the lesson using their visual abilities. Method: This research uses literature studies by searching relevant journals, books, and articles using the Publish or Perish application. Results: The study showed that e-comics improved students' critical thinking skills and creativity. In addition, researchers also found that several factors make mathematics learning with a realistic approach that utilizes e-comics efficient, as well as steps to conduct mathematics learning with a realistic approach that utilizes e-comic learning media. Novelty: This research uses an innovative and creative approach to improving students' critical and creative thinking skills through Mathematics learning using e-comic learning media.

One of the abilities of the 21st century is the ability to think critically. Mathematical critical thinking is the ability used to solve mathematical problems using higher thinking skills, namely analyzing, synthesizing, concluding and evaluating. Brain Based Learning (BBL) is an approach that can be used to carry out learning based on brain function. The aim of this research is to describe critical mathematical thinking skills that can be improved with the BBL approach. The research was conducted using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with stages: planning, implementation and reporting. The results of the study from 13 articles show that BBL can improve students' critical mathematical thinking skills.BBL is carried out in 7 stages, namely: pre-exposure; preparation; initiation and acquisition; elaboration; incubation and inserting memory; verification and confidence checking; as well as celebration and integration. Learning with the BBL approach is an alternative that can improve students' mathematical critical thinking skills, so it is recommended to use BBL on various mathematical topics and collaborate with other learning approaches or models.

The focus of the article is to describe the use of a HOTS-based learning model that can improve the problem solving abilities of students in elementary schools as well as strategies that can be used in implementing HOTS learning in the classroom. This research uses a literature study method by examining several sources from journals and books related to the use of the HOTS-based learning model in improving the Problem Solving abilities of students in elementary schools. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method or literature review by systematically identifying journals. The steps in the SLR method are 1) Develop Research Questions, 2) Selection Criteria, 3) Developing The Search Strategy, 4) The Study Selection Process, 5) Appraising the Quality of Studies.

The Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model is a teaching method that focuses on solving real-life problems to enhance students’ engagement and understanding in the learning process. In elementary social studies learning, PBL is implemented to develop students’ critical thinking, analytical, and collaborative skills. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the PBL model in elementary social studies learning using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The SLR method was employed to collect and analyze relevant studies published between 2019 and 2024. From 101,000 articles identified, nine key studies were screened and analyzed in depth through the stages of identification, screening, eligibility, inclusion, and data synthesis. The findings reveal that implementing the PBL model in social studies learning significantly improves students’ conceptual understanding, motivation, learning outcomes, and critical thinking skills. Moreover, this model encourages active participation and helps students comprehend social studies concepts in more authentic contexts. The results imply the need for systematic integration of PBL in elementary social studies learning to foster active engagement and higher-order thinking skills. Teachers are encouraged to enhance their competence in designing contextual problem-based scenarios, while policymakers should support professional development related to innovative learning models such as PBL. Furthermore, this study provides a foundation for future research exploring the effectiveness of PBL in developing students’ 21st-century skills and social character.

<em>PhET Interactive Simulations were initially developed for science learning but have recently gained attention in mathematics education due to their potential to enhance students’ problem-solving skills. This research employs the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by collecting, reviewing, and analyzing relevant literature on the use of PhET media to improve mathematical problem-solving skills among elementary school students..</em> <em>PhET media is known as an interactive simulation tool initially developed for science learning, but its use in mathematics education has begun to gain attention.</em><em> This research employs the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by collecting, reviewing, and analyzing relevant literature on the use of PhET media to improve mathematical problem-solving skills among elementary school students. The study employs the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, systematically collecting, reviewing, and analyzing various relevant literature on the use of PhET media in enhancing mathematical problem-solving skills among elementary school students. PhET media is known as an interactive simulation tool initially developed for science learning, but its use in mathematics education has begun to gain attention. This research employs the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by collecting, reviewing, and analyzing relevant literature on the use of PhET media to improve mathematical problem-solving skills among elementary school students. The inclusion criteria consist of journal articles published between 2014 and 2024, focusing on the topic of PhET media and mathematical problem-solving skills in elementary school contexts, and accessible through databases such as Google Scholar, ERIC, and Scopus. The exclusion criteria include articles published before 2014, studies unrelated to mathematics learning or PhET media, and sources that are not peer-reviewed journal articles.The review results indicate that PhET media can increase students' active participation, help visualize abstract mathematical concepts, and encourage the application of more flexible and exploratory problem-solving strategies. The effectiveness of PhET also increases when combined with problem-based or inquiry-based learning approaches. These findings have positive implications for teachers and curriculum developers, suggesting the integration of interactive digital media into the mathematics learning process in elementary schools.</em>

This research aims to analyze the integration of school and Islamic boarding school curricula in preparing the golden generation with spiritual and professional competencies in the era of globalization. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this research examines various relevant literature, including journal articles, books and research reports over the last ten years. The SLR method is used to identify, evaluate, and synthesize various sources that discuss the implementation of formal school and Islamic boarding school curriculum integration, as well as its impact on graduate competency. The research results show that this curriculum integration has great potential in improving the quality of graduates who are not only academically competent, but also have strong spiritual character. In the discussion, it was found that the combination of intensive religious education in Islamic boarding schools and formal education in schools is able to equip students with 21st century skills such as critical thinking, creativity and collaboration, in addition to strengthening religious and moral values. Curriculum integration also contributes to creating a balance between students' emotional, spiritual and social intelligence. The conclusion of this research is that the integration of school and Islamic boarding school curricula is a strategic solution in preparing a golden generation that is ready to face global challenges with spiritual and professional competence. For more effective implementation, policy support is needed that facilitates collaboration between the two educational institutions.

To develop mathematical critical thinking skills, students are expected to have a fighting attitude in solving mathematical problems. This can support learning that is oriented towards students' critical thinking skills. The purpose of this research is to analyze the trend of studying critical thinking skills in solving students' mathematical problems. This research uses the systematic literature review method which is carried out by identifying, assessing, and interpreting all available research evidence by studying indicators and how to bring up students' mathematical critical thinking skills as the object of research. The design used is to summarize, review, and analyze 25 articles that are very relevant to the object of research in Sinta accredited journals, indexed by Scopus and Web of Science. The results of this systematic literature review state that aspects of argumentation and reasoning are very important to be developed in solving mathematical problems. Implementing problem-based learning has positive effectiveness towards improving mathematical critical thinking skills and digitalization of learning is needed in facilitating students' critical thinking. Digitalization of learning can be developing problem-based digital modules that facilitate students' cognitive conflicts. The conclusion in this research are different indicators used to measure students' critical thinking skills, different aspects of interpreting indicators, the use of PBL, and the use of ICT.

This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines to evaluate the impact of Game-Based Learning (GBL) on students’ cognitive and affective domains in mathematics education. Seventeen empirical studies published between 2018 and early 2025 were rigorously selected based on strict criteria emphasizing methodological quality and relevance to cognitive and affective aspects of mathematics learning. The findings consistently indicate that GBL significantly enhances cognitive outcomes, including conceptual understanding, problem-solving skills, and critical thinking abilities—particularly when supported by digital tools such as augmented reality, 3D escape rooms, and gamified platforms. In addition, GBL positively influences affective outcomes by increasing student motivation, fostering more favorable attitudes toward mathematics, and reducing math anxiety. However, assessments of affective domains remain less standardized than those of cognitive outcomes. Key contextual factors such as students’ prior knowledge, the quality of game design, intervention duration, and teacher preparedness were found to be critical in determining GBL effectiveness. The review also highlights the dominance of digital GBL in resource-rich environments while recognizing the potential of non-digital adaptations in low-resource contexts. Drawing on diverse international evidence, this review underscores GBL’s potential as an innovative pedagogical strategy that effectively integrates cognitive and affective learning. Practical recommendations include culturally responsive game design, comprehensive teacher training, and equitable access to technology to ensure successful GBL implementation across varied educational settings.

The rapid development of technology is a challenge for teachers in Indonesia in the 21 century. The pedagogical skills that only teachers have are not enough to keep up with current developments. Teachers are required to be able to collaborate with technology in their learning. Overcoming technology challenges in education requires teachers to master competencies in content knowledge, pedagogy, and technology. The learning process with technology integration is currently known as TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content and Knowledge). However, it was factually found that teachers' ability to integrate technology into learning still did not reach optimal levels. This study aims to identify TPACK-based learning in elementary schools, in terms of teacher ability. . This study used a systematic literature review method. One of the procedures in this research method is to analyze and interpret relevant data. Data is collected from Google Scholar. Data was searched using two keywords: "TPACK-based learning" and "primary school teacher skills". A total of 198 data articles were obtained but only 15 articles met the analysis criteria in this study. According to the findings of the analysis conducted in this study, TPACK (Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge) should be an essential component in the development of learning models for achieving success in today's learning activities. This is reinforced by the need for teacher training programs that aim to enhance teachers' understanding and skills in integrating TPACK into technology-based learning.

Today’s complex, dynamic, interconnected world presents the field of education (“Education 4.0”) with significant challenges in developing competencies for reasoning for complexity. This article analyzes complex thinking as a macro-competency with sub-competencies of critical, systemic, scientific, and innovative thinking in educational environments. We worked with the systematic literature review method, selecting 35 articles in the Scopus and Web of Science databases using keywords words of interest and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seven research questions guided the data analysis. The results highlighted that: (a) there are common characteristics of studies linking complex thinking, critical thinking, and creative thinking; (b) there is predominance of the qualitative method in the studies; (c) the critical thinking competency has been the most addressed in the research; (d) the predominant components of Education 4.0 are teaching methods and techniques; and (e) the three challenges that stand out for educational research are project feasibility, research opportunities, and required skills. This article is intended to be of value to academic and social communities and decision-makers interested in developing reasoning for complexity within the framework of Education 4.0.

This study aims to review the literature related to English learning strategies used in elementary schools (SD). This research method uses the SLR (Systematic Literature Review) method. Data collection was obtained by selecting previous research articles related to the theme of elementary school English learning strategies from the Google Schoolar database from 200 articles obtained from initial data collection, 7 articles were selected after a screening process using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of this study contain 7 strategies, namely Game Based Learning (GBL), English grammar teaching for elementary schools is very necessary, Methods that can be provided by teachers are Grammar Translation Method (GTM), Audio Lingual Method and Total Physical Response, For reading skills teachers can use the Dialogic Reading strategy, The next strategy is that teachers must be able to touch the language needs of students by adjusting the conditions and daily situations of students, Teachers can develop realia media to teach English, Teachers can use Enjoyable Learning strategies assisted by audio visual media to improve English learning outcomes in elementary schools.

Photovoltaics or solar cells are a device that can convert/convert solar energy into electrical energy. The use of photovoltaics as a renewable energy innovation is very necessary in developing photovoltaic technology and increasing the efficiency of the energy produced. The main electricity supply is PLN, which is not always continuous in its distribution due to the limited availability of fossil energy. This can result in disruption of human activities and productivity. The technology developed is organic and inorganic photovoltaic technology. Photovoltaic efficiency refers to the ability of solar panels to convert sunlight energy into electrical energy. Currently it is not known how much technology has been developed by photovoltaics and the efficiency that photovoltaics have produced. This research aims to identify developments in photovoltaic efficiency research and technology used in the world whose data was obtained from related journals in 2013-2022. There are 1,503 studies related to photovotaic efficiency. The method used in this research is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) Method. The SLR method is used to identify, review, evaluate, and interpret all available research on a topic area of ​​interest, with specific relevant research questions. By using the SLR method, a systematic review and identification of journals can be carried out, with each process following predetermined steps or protocols. The research results show that the technology that is widely used in developing photovoltaic efficiency is organic photovoltaic technology and the highest efficiency that has been obtained is 38.9%.

The aim of this research is the systematic observations analyzed in this study explore the correlation between smartphone usage habits and learning outcomes among undergraduate students. The method used in this research is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) Method. The SLR method is used to identify, review, research, and interpret all existing research on the phenomenon of the topic area of interest, with specific relevant research questions. By using the SLR method, systematic reviews and identification of journals can be carried out, in each process following predetermined steps or protocols. Data collection. Data Collection or data collection is the stage of collecting data for research. The results of the study are that by conducting a systematic review of the available literature, we can assess the relationship between smartphone use and academic performance among undergraduate students. The sources provided in the question do not directly address the relationship between smartphone use and academic achievement among undergraduate students. However, they provide information regarding various methodologies and methods used in studies of digital leadership and smartphone usage behavior. Therefore, although these sources do not provide direct evidence regarding the relationship between smartphone use and academic performance, they can provide insight into research methods and approaches that can be applied to investigate this issue. Additionally, studies on digital leadership highlight the importance of adaptability and effective communication in digital environments, which may be relevant to understanding the impact of smartphone use on academic performance. Based on the sources provided, both qualitative and quantitative studies are needed to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between smartphone use and academic achievement among undergraduate students.

Ethnomathematics is mathematics that grows, develops and is practiced by cultural groups such as urban and rural communities, children of certain age groups, labor groups, indigenous peoples, and others. Ethnomathematics that links culture, one of which is community activity and mathematical concepts, certainly has mutually supportive characteristics. This paper discusses the review of results from several journals to obtain information on the application of ethnomathematics to community activities. This article aims to examine the concept of ethnomathematics in community activities by looking at reviews of results from several previous journals. The method used in this study is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The SLR method is used to identify, review, evaluate, and interpret all available research on the topic area of an interesting phenomenon with certain relevant research questions. By using the SLR method, a systematic review and identification of journals can be carried out, each of which follows the established stages. Data collection was carried out by collecting and reviewing articles on ethnomathematics in community activities published in the 2015-2021 timeframe. There are 14 journal articles or proceedings used in this study which were obtained from the Publish or Perish and Googel Scholar applications. The results of this study are the existence of ethnomathematics in community activities where mathematical concepts are contained in every job and community activity