Abstract
Intensification of the innovative activity of regions in modern conditions is a strategic factor in the growth of their economies. Practice shows that those regions in the economy of which the change of traditional technologies to innovative ones took place timely demonstrated a high level of socio-economic development. In this connection, the innovative activity acquires special relevance in depressed regions, where the dynamics of indicators of socio-economic development is significantly lower than the average in the country. The lack of analytical information on the state, general trends and features of the development of the innovative activity in such problematic regions makes it necessary to conduct such studies, which made the authors choose the topic of the article. The purpose of this article is to identify trends and characteristics of the development of the innovative activity in the depressed regions of the Russian Federation. The informational basis of the analysis was statistical data from open sources on the results of the innovative activity of the regions of the Russian Federation that are classified as depressed [17]: the Volgograd Region; the Ivanovo region; the Kirov region; the Ulyanovsk region; the Kurgan region; the Oryol Region; the Smolensk region; the Pskov region; the Chuvash Republic; the Altai Territory. The study is based on the complex and systematic approaches with the use of economic-statistical, logical and expert analysis methods. As a result, the authors concluded about the insufficient level, differentiated nature of the dynamics, and significant interregional differences in the values of the indicators of the development of the innovative activity in the studied regions. The results of the study can be used by authorities when choosing the innovative strategy and methods of state support for innovative activities in depressed regions in order to transfer their economies from the current state.
Highlights
In the draft Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Federal Support for Depressed Territories of the Russian Federation”, adopted in the second reading on March 12, 2003, a more precise definition of the concept of the depressed territory was formulated - this is “an administrative unit or a set of adjacent administrative units within the boundaries of one or more constituent entities of the Russian Federation, having a homogeneous economic structure, which, as a result of an acute crisis in the main sector(s) of the economy is in extreme economic decline
In the third reading the draft law clarified the definition of the depressed territory: the main sector of the economy is a branch of industry, construction, transport, communications, trade and agriculture, which employed at least 25 percent of working-age population of the given territory or which share in the gross regional product is at least 30 percent over the past 12 years
We studied the structure and dynamics of statistical indicators of the innovative activity for the considered period of time, revealed trends in the development of the innovative activity in depressed regions using the economic and statistical methods
Summary
The very first mention of “depression” in relation to the regions was recorded in 1995 in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the Program of the Government of the Russian Federation “Reforms and Development of the Russian Economy in 1995 – 1997”, according to which the depressed region is “a territory with sufficient economic potential, but as a result of a structural crisis characterized by a steady decline in production and real incomes of the population, growing unemployment. For example, Shtulberg B.M. gives the following interpretation of the depressed region: “territories with a relatively high level of previously accumulated economic potential, a significant share of industrial production (mainly manufacturing sectors) in the structure of the economy, a relatively high level of skills of local labor resources, but having faster rates of economic decline in the core industries, higher unemployment rate, low investment activity, low levels of budgetary security and real incomes of the population compared with the country averages” [10]
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