The influence of relational mobility on social exclusion behavior: The mediating role of social participation intention

BackgroundThe current study examined the effect of social exclusion on aggressive behavior, how relative deprivation might mediate this effect, and how upward social comparison (USC) might moderate the indirect pathway.MethodsOne thousand seven hundred and sixty-six college students were investigated, with an average age of 19.53 (SD = 1.09) years. Participants completed questionnaires regarding social exclusion, aggressive behavior, relative deprivation, and USC. The data was analyzed using regression-based moderated mediation modeling. PROCESS Models 4 and 7 macros for SPSS were used to test the mediation and moderated mediation models with 5,000 random sample bootstrapping confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe findings revealed a significant positive association between social exclusion and aggressive behavior among Chinese college students (r = 0.362, p < 0.001). Relative deprivation played a partial mediating role between social exclusion and aggressive behavior (indirect effect = 0.045, 95%CI [0.028, 0.062]). The association between social exclusion and aggressive behavior was moderated by USC. For college students with low USC, the effect of moderated mediation (effect = 0.035, 95%CI [0.022, 0.050]). For college students with high USC, the effect of moderated mediation was 0.057 (95%CI [0.034, 0.081]). The link between social exclusion and relative deprivation was stronger for college students with high levels of upward social comparison than for college students with low levels of upward social comparison (β = 0.405, t = 11.976, p < 0.001 vs. β = 0.251, t = 8.182, p < 0.001).ConclusionRelative deprivation could be a mechanism by which social exclusion was linked with aggressive behavior and USC enhanced the effect of relative deprivation. This study was important in investigating how social exclusion was related to aggressive behavior among Chinese college students which provided meaningful implications for reducing aggressive behavior. Thus, this study explored “how” and “when” social exclusion might enhance aggressive behavior among Chinese college students. The results suggested that relative deprivation and USC might be prime targets for prevention and intervention programs of aggressive behavior among Chinese college students.

In 2006, research on the neurotransmitter serotonin and its transporter protein (5‐HTT) in the synaptic gap celebrated a series of anniversaries. Forty‐five years earlier, presynaptic neurotransmitter uptake was discovered (Hertting & Axelrod, 1961). Two decades later, 5‐HTT was first linked to depression (Langer et al , 1981), shortly after its identification as a target of antidepressant drugs (Raisman et al , 1979). The sequence of the transporter gene from rats was published 10 years after that (Blakely et al , 1991), which initiated an avalanche of molecular genetic studies on the regulation of emotionality. This research culminated in two reports revealing an association between variations of the 5‐HTT gene ( 5‐HTT and SLC6A4 ) and anxiety‐related traits as well as depression (Collier et al , 1996; Lesch et al , 1996). Since then, clinical studies have further supported the link between variants of 5‐HTT and disorders in the regulation of emotion. Although modest effect sizes—typical of non‐Mendelian traits—polygenic patterns of inheritance, epistatic and epigenetic interactions, and heterogeneity between studies confounded the results, 5‐HTT comprises a model molecule for studying gene–environment interactions in cognitive and psychiatric neuroscience. The demonstration in rhesus macaques that stress early in life uniquely reinforces links between variations of 5‐HTT , behaviour and psychopathology seems to herald in a new era of behavioural genetics. Moreover, the discovery that 5‐HTT is a susceptibility gene for depression is a first step towards explaining the molecular dimensions of personality and behaviour, identifying physiological pathways that lead to other disorders of cognitive function and emotion, and analysing the interactive effects of genes and environment in the development of disease. On the heels of these results from behavioural genetics, novel approaches including neurophysiology, neuropsychology and functional neuroimaging, as well as the inclusion of other phenotypes (such as higher cognitive functions, communication skills, social competence and longevity), have …

The influence of social exclusion on adolescents' social withdrawal behavior: The moderating role of connectedness to nature

Interaction during feeding sessions between preterm infants and their mothers and that between full-term infants and their mothers were compared. (Mothers and babies were from a low-income, inner-city population.) When the children were about 3 years old, they attended a day camp for 3 weeks, during which their cognitive ability (Stanford-Binet) and social ability (both social competence and social participation) were assessed. Early interaction was quite different for preterms and full-terms, but in general it did not predict either social or cognitive ability at age 3. Birth status (preterm/full-term) did predict cognitive (but not social) ability: preterms scored lower. Finally, the children of mothers who were more emotionally and verbally responsive during a home visit at 20 months exhibited more social and cognitive ability at age 3. These results suggest that the baby, within broad normal limits, may be "buffered" against any long-term consequences of interaction during the first few months of life.

The number of farm mates influences social and maintenance behaviours of Japanese Black cows in a communal pasture

Understanding the social relationships and behaviours of pet rats is important, particularly because they are comparatively understudied compared to their laboratory and wild counterparts, and little is known about their welfare. Here, open-ended interviews, with a particular focus on rat social relationships and behaviours, were conducted with 23 pet rat owners in the United Kingdom and a reflective thematic analysis was conducted on the resulting, transcribed dataset. Seven main themes were generated: Social Behaviours, Social Life and Group Dynamics, Introducing New Rats and Repairing Social Bonds, Owner Practices, Participant and Rat Contextual Background, Owner Narratives and Shared Understandings, and Owner Research Interests. Owners described rat social relationships and behaviours with a high level of consistency and reported the techniques they employ to manage the social dynamics of their rat groups, including the first scientific report of rat introductions. We propose that these qualitative findings can inform future research, including observational studies of captive (pet and non-pet) rat management and welfare.

Introduction: Social participation expands social and public capital of society, and organizational citizenship behavior contributes significantly to organizational management. However, job burnout can have negative effects on individual, family, and social relationships. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between social participation and organizational citizenship behavior and the mediating role of organizational fatigue in employees of the healthcare network in Lenjan city. Method: This cross-sectional study was descriptive-analytical conducted in 2024. A total of 205 people (79 men and 126 women) were selected as study samples. The study subjects were selected from the healthcare network personnel of Lenjan County, Isfahan Province by simple random sampling (Professional, expert and doctor). To collect data, standard questionnaires were used: Employee Social Engagement (Dorsetkar et al. 2010) with a Cronbach's alpha above 0/8, Oregon and Kanoxi Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB ) with a Cronbach's alpha of 0/76, and Swedish Job Fatigue (SOFI-20) with a Cronbach's alpha of 0/95. The analysis of the obtained data was performed using SPSS statistical software version 26 at a significance level of 0/05 with a correlation test. Results: The results showed that the mean of the social participation variable in the studied samples was 77/83±11/47. The mean (standard deviation) of the social citizenship behavior variable in the studied samples was 53/95±3/06. The mean (standard deviation) of the job fatigue variable in the studied sample was 89/30±4/01. In the final model, the job fatigue variable is a partial mediator variable in the relationship between social participation and organizational citizenship behavior. Conclusion: The findings suggest that increasing employee social participation can lead to improved organizational citizenship behaviors. On the other hand, organizational citizenship behavior and social participation are also inversely related to job burnout, meaning that strengthening such behaviors may help reduce job fatigue.

Purpose: The general objective of this study was to investigate the influence of religious beliefs on social behaviour and community cohesion. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the influence of religious beliefs on social behaviour and community cohesion. Preliminary empirical review revealed that religious beliefs had a profound impact on social behavior and community cohesion, acting as both a unifying and dividing force. While shared religious practices fostered strong internal cohesion and promoted prosocial behaviors, they also led to social fragmentation and exclusion due to in-group favoritism and out-group discrimination. The study highlighted the importance of inclusive policies and interfaith initiatives to mitigate these negative effects and promote mutual understanding. Ultimately, it emphasized the need to balance the positive contributions of religion to social cohesion with efforts to minimize its divisive impacts, fostering more harmonious communities. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Social Identity Theory, Theory of Planned Behaviour and Social Capital Theory may be used to anchor future studies on the influence of religious beliefs on social behaviour and community cohesion. This study suggested expanding existing theories to better account for the diverse impacts of religious beliefs, fostering inclusive religious practices through interfaith dialogue, and developing policies to promote religious tolerance and cooperation. The study also emphasized the importance of community engagement through interfaith activities, addressing social exclusion by ensuring inclusivity, and implementing ongoing monitoring and evaluation to sustain positive impacts. These recommendations aimed to enhance theoretical frameworks, practical initiatives, and policy measures to maximize the beneficial effects of religious beliefs on social cohesion.

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiology and influencing factors of social participation ability of rural older adults in China.MethodsFrom March to April 2021, 3450 older adults in poverty aged 60 and above registered in Jishishan County (J County) were selected by cluster sampling for a cross-sectional questionnaire survey and their social participation ability was assessed using the Ability Assessment of older adults (MZ/T039-2013). The results were statistically analyzed and an ordered multi-category logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of influencing factors on the social participation ability of rural older adults.Results3,346 questionnaires were collected, with an effective recovery rate of 96.99%. Out of all the participants, 1,355 (40.5%) of the 3,346 cases had intact social participation ability, while 1,991 (59.5%) had different degrees of loss of social participation ability, of which 1,393 (41.14%) were mildly impaired, 419 (12.5%) were moderately impaired and 179 (5.3%) were severely impaired. Age, educational level, religious belief, living status, whether suffering from dementia and the occurrence of accidents in recent 30 days were influencing factors on the social participation ability (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe rate of impaired social participation ability among older adults was >50% and age, educational level, religious beliefs, living status, whether suffering from dementia, and the occurrence of accidents in recent 30 days (such as falls, choking, loss) were significant factors influencing the ability of social participation of rural older adults.

In the Indian context, the caste identity has been a dominant factor in the discourse of social exclusion. This is largely due to the pervasiveness of the caste-based discrimination and violence. The Indian psychological literature has provided considerable insights into psychological attributes of caste groups and its linkage to their dis(advantage). However, there are unexplored questions in the social science literature of social exclusion which are fundamental to psychological research. How caste-based discrimination and violence are socio-psychological constructs? How these social behaviours have exclusionary consequences to effect on mental health of the lower caste groups? An understanding of these questions would have more to offer to the need for strategic social interventions. This article focuses on the possible functions that caste-based discrimination and violence perform, the adverse social and psychological consequences of such social behaviours and their implications for the social exclusion and mental health of the lower caste groups. Drawing evidence from empirical research and relevant literature on caste-based discrimination and violence, and social exclusion, the article argues that these social behaviours are not just extreme actions but patterns of distancing lower caste groups from social relationships to create threatening social conditions. These accentuate social exclusion and adversely affect their mental health. Any support services in the form of reliefs or compensations for the victims may not stamp out negative social and psychological consequences for long. Both legal and social interventions need to focus on human security—economic, social and psychological—in the process of promotion of social justice and human development.

Advancements in medical care have increased the average life span in many countries, resulting in a generally longer postretirement life span. However, retirees may find it difficult to adapt to retirement. Therefore, encouraging retirees to engage with society is important. In this study, a senior social participation mobile software application (SSP-App) was developed to stimulate social participation among seniors with the goal of improving their social participation intentions and behaviors. After developing the SSP-App based on user experiences, a quasi-experimental study was conducted. Participants were recruited from the Keelung Ren'ai Community Center. Next, Random Allocation Software Version 1.0.0 software was used to randomly allocate the participants into experimental and control groups. The 54 participants in the experimental group took part in an SSP-App program, whereas the 53 participants in the control group did not participate in any experimental treatment program. Measurements were conducted at Week 4 (T1) and Week 12 (T2) to evaluate the effects. Data were collected using a demographic datasheet, Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form, Emotional and Social Support Scale, Social Participation Intention Scale, and Social Participation Behavior Scale. The generalized estimating equations method was used to determine intervention effectiveness. The SSP-App has six main functions, including an activity partner message board, an activity search function that provides information about different activities, a "Seniors Learning Kiosk" that provides useful information, transportation information, an activity planning and reminder system, and a "First-Aid Station." Most participants in the SSP-App precursor test expressed approval. At T1, effects were observed in social participation intention only. However, at T2, effects were observed in both social participation intention and social participation behavior. The SSP-App developed in this study uses information and communication technology and multiple strategies covering information provision, social support, education, and reminders. Social participation obstacles must be overcome to effectively provide seniors with social participation opportunities and improve their social participation.

BackgroundSocial cognitive impairments often occur in patients with various neurological disorders that involve brain damage, such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, brain tumours, and multiple sclerosis. Patients with social cognitive impairments experience difficulties in perceiving and understanding social information and show social inadequate behaviour. Recently, the first multi-faceted treatment, T-ScEmo (Treatment for Social Cognition and Emotion Regulation) has been developed and evaluated for patients with TBI. T-ScEmo showed to be effective in improving social cognitive functioning, participation, relationships, and quality of life. Up to now, no evidence-based treatment has been available for social cognitive impairments in neurological patients other than traumatic brain injury. Therefore, the main aims of the current study are to investigate the efficacy of T-ScEmo in various neurological patient groups such as stroke (including subarachnoid haemorrhage), brain tumours, and multiple sclerosis and to study factors that might influence this, potential, efficacy.MethodsIn this multi-centre, assessor-blind randomized controlled trial, 84 patients with mixed aetiology will be randomly divided over a treatment condition and a waiting list condition. Patients in treatment condition will follow twenty T-ScEmo sessions, of which five are online. Neuropsychological assessment and questionnaires directly after treatment (T1) and follow-up (T2, three to five months after treatment) will be compared to baseline assessment (T0). Ten TBI patients who receive T-ScEmo as regular rehabilitation care will be included as an extra control group. The main outcome measure will be the comparison of proxy rated behaviour between T0 and T2 on the Dysexecutive Questionnaire Social scales proxy version. Moreover, a compact barrier analysis is performed to facilitate the implementation of the treatment and to provide input for a process evaluation in the current study protocol.DiscussionWhen T-ScEmo is proven effective based on the current study, this will be the first effectual evidence-based multi-faceted treatment for patients with social cognitive impairments caused by various neurological disorders. Implementation of this treatment is expected to contribute to better participation and better quality of life for patients and their significant others.Trial registrationThis study is prospectively registered in the database PaNaMa under number 202000479. Furthermore the study is registered in the database of clinicaltrials.gov (Study Details | Improving Social Cognition and Social Behaviour in Various Brain Disorders | ClinicalTrials.gov) under identifier NCT06330298.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the role of government and policy making in supporting schools to develop work on social behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is written by a sitting member of Parliament in the UK who is himself supporting work in schools in his constituency of Nottingham North on social behaviour, in order to clarify the role of government and it to do more in this emerging area.FindingsThe paper finds that work on social behaviour in school is urgently needed to address social deprivation and social exclusion. There is a strong role for government in this process. This work needs to be addressed with the same degree of commitment and systematic thinking as has been applied to numeracy and literacy teaching in schools, not least because social behaviour underpins and supports academic learning.Practical implicationsThe paper implies that policy makers need to consider the importance of work on social behaviour in schools and their role in supporting it.Originality/valueThe paper is written by a sitting member of Parliament, addressing his fellow politicians, as well as other social policy makers, to tackle an issue of great social and educational significance – and as such is unusual if not unique.

What people “are” and what people “do” can no longer be conceptualized by a simple one-to-one match. The concept of lifestyle can provide a link between social rank and social practice. The logic of how people organize their leisure time and how they spend their income is not a simple mirror of income level but must be regarded as being embedded in social behaviour. The more distinct autonomy becomes in reference to the use of time and money, the more open-ended the question becomes in which concrete practice this use materializes. Different forms of organizing household work and employment, alternate patterns of consumption, varying living patterns, how time is used and even plans for the future with their specific planning contents. References are to be found to social stratification structures and consumption behaviour where “life style” is expressed as being an expressively cultural moment in consumption and in the social inclusion and exclusion of groups.

Social exclusion affects aggressive driving behaviour: The mediating effect of prosocial tendencies and driving anger