Abstract
In the past, 316L stainless steel (SS) has been the material of choice for implant manufacturing. However, the leaching of nickel ions from the SS matrix limits its usefulness as an implant material. In this study, an efficient approach for controlling the leaching of ions and improving its properties is presented. The composition of SS was modified with the addition of boron and niobium, which was followed by sintering in nitrogen atmosphere for 8 h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the formation of strong nitrides, indicating the diffusion of nitrogen into the SS matrix. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that a nitride layer was deposited on the sample surface, thereby helping to control the leaching of metal ions. The corrosion resistance of the alloy systems in artificial saliva solution indicated minimal weight loss, indicating improved corrosion resistance. The cytotoxicity assessment of the alloy system showed that the developed modified stainless steel alloys are compatible with living cells and can be used as implant materials.
Highlights
Biomedical implants and devices are critical to enhancing the quality of life, and the nature and life span of human beings [1]
6.5 g/cm of the boron and niobium added stainless steel (SS) samples. This is due to the fact that the boron and niobium particles of thetoboron niobiumin added
The results indicate that most the samples have less porosity
Summary
Biomedical implants and devices are critical to enhancing the quality of life, and the nature and life span of human beings [1]. The advancement in producing biomedical implants is closely related to the development of biomaterials with tailored mechanical properties. This field has gained substantial attention over the last few decades, and since the first summit on the development of biomaterials was held in 1969 [3]. There has been continuous effort to develop new materials and improve the existing manufacturing methods for the betterment of humankind in terms of implantation devices. A suitable choice of biomedical material for implant manufacturing is very crucial for its long term success, and should include consideration of its wear resistance, biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, economics and ease of manufacturing [4,5]
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