Abstract
The aim of the work is to study the dynamics and structure of morbidity among children (under 14 years), adults (over 18 years) and the possible impact of concentrations of motor transport emissions on the morbidity of people living in the study area of Tyumen city, as well as the assessment of carcinogenic risks from inhalation of chemicals in ambient air from road transport. Methods. Field observations of average annual concentrations of emissions (carbon oxide (II), nitrogen dioxide, soot, suspended solids, formaldehyde, lead) were taken from highways with traffic volume 3000 vehicles/hour of the Kalinin district of Tyumen city, the principle of operation of devices - electrochemical. The measurements were carried out during 6 years in autumn-winter and spring-summer periods, 4 times a day. Priority substances, constituting more than 90 % contribution to total mass emissions of the area were selected for the analysis. The results of correlation analysis of the influence of air quality on the morbidity of children and adults in the area was carried out and the values of the total carcinogenic risk (4,872-10-1 for adults, 1,796 for children under 14 years) and non - carcinogenic risk (23,28 for carbon oxide (II)) were calculated. A strong relationship was established between the annual concentrations of vehicle emissions and respiratory diseases (children r = 0,894; p = 0,04; adults r = 0,920; p = 0,027) and neoplasms (children r = 0,970; p = 0,006; adults r = 0,921; p = 0,026). Most of all, 51 % of the total index of danger are diseases associated with the respiratory system, 48,9 % - diseases of the cardiovascular system, the rest fall on the Central nervous system and eye diseases and its subordinate apparatus. Conclusion: The risk of respiratory diseases and diseases of the cardiovascular system is extremely high in Kalinin district of Tyumen city and urgent measures are needed for its reduction. The risk of development of diseases of the Central nervous system is minimal.
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