Abstract
The influence of various levels of mineral nutrition on the accumulation of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia is studied. The natural agricultural background of leached chernozem was taken as a control. The research was carried out at the station of the Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals. In the experiment, various doses of mineral fertilizers were used, ensuring the yield of grain crops from 3.0 to 6.0 t/ha. It was found that the mass of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats has no significant differences and depends on the level of mineral nutrition. On the natural agricultural background, the mass of plant-root residues is 3.24-3.88 t/ha. Fertilization increases the yield of grain crops to 6.0 t/ha, and also increases the amount of plant-root residues: spring wheat - 4.47; oats – 6.04 t/ha. Increasing the doses of mineral fertilizers reduces the ratio of yield to the mass of plant-root residues from 1:1.6 to 1:1.10 units. It was found that almost half of the root system of spring wheat and oats is located in a layer of 0-10 cm, while the share of roots in a layer of 30-40 cm accounts for no more than 16% of the mass.
Highlights
The Western Siberia is a promising region in terms of agriculture, despite the harsh climate
Grain crops were grown for animal husbandry, which was a priority in Siberia [1, 2]
The equation corresponds to a power regression: y=2.60x0.32, where y is the mass of plant-root residues, t/ha; x is the yield of grain crops
Summary
The Western Siberia is a promising region in terms of agriculture, despite the harsh climate. We have repeatedly heard opinions that there are no negative changes in humus during the transition to the mineral fertilizer system, because the non-commodity part of agricultural crops increases. This is especially true for plant-root residues, which are primarily humified [8]. The analysis of the literature data showed significant contradictions in the mass of plant residues of agricultural crops [9, 10] Their quantity depends on the varietal and biological characteristics of plants; cultivation technology and soil and climatic conditions [11, 12]. It became necessary to study the effect of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers on the biomass of plant-root residues and the nature of the distribution of the root system within the boundaries of the humus-accumulative horizon
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