The Influence of Integrating Multicultural and Ethical Values on the Effectiveness of Digital-Based Islamic Religious Education Learning

Academic challenges in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning often arise from students' limited interpersonal communication skills, which results in low engagement and ineffective meaningful interactions in the classroom. This situation becomes even more crucial when students are reluctant to express their opinions or personal experiences, resulting in passive, teacher-centered learning. To address these issues, this study aims to examine how the self disclosure model can be applied in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning and assess its effectiveness in improving students' interpersonal communication. Using a library research design, this study collected, reviewed, and synthesized theoretical and empirical findings from books, journals, and previous studies. Content analysis was used to obtain conceptual patterns and pedagogical implications relevant to the application of self-disclosure in the context of religious learning. The results show that structured self-disclosure—through the creation of a safe space, teacher role models, and directed sharing activities—can improve students' openness, empathetic listening skills, and social relationships among peers. This study concludes that the self-disclosure model is relevant in strengthening interpersonal communication in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning and provides pedagogical insights for teachers in building active, dialogic, and socially connected classes.

This study aims: to determine the background of developing self-esteem in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMKN 1 Ponorogo; to determine efforts to develop self-esteem in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMKN 1 Ponorogo; as well as to determine the supporting and inhibiting factors of developing self-esteem at SMKN 1 Ponorogo. This research design is qualitative. Based on the process of data collection and analysis, this research resulted in: the background for developing self-esteem in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMKN 1 Ponorogo is because PAI teachers see that students' self-esteem is still low; efforts to develop self-esteem (self-esteem) are very effective in terms of increasing self-esteem of students. These include: games or group games, motivational video screenings, and inspirational stories; as well as supporting and inhibiting factors for developing self-esteem in Islamic Religious Education Learning (PAI) at SMKN 1 Ponorogo including: student heterogeneity, backgrounds and problems that arise in the family, readiness of students and teachers.

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study is to identify trends and developments in research on the quality of Islamic Religious Education (IRE) learning in the period 2015–2025 using a bibliometric approach and systematic review and to reveal the main factors that contribute to improving the quality of Islamic religious education learning. Methodology: This study used bibliometric analysis and systematic review. Data were obtained from the Scopus database with related keywords. The analysis was performed using VOSviewer software for network visualization and research trends. Articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria of 2015–2025 and in English. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were used in data analysis. Main Findings: This study found that the research trend on the quality of Islamic Religious Education (IRE) learning increased significantly from 2017 to 2020, decreased in 2021, and then increased again from 2022 to 2025. The main contributing factors include teacher competence, quality management, madrasah leadership, and the integration of technology. The Total Quality Management (TQM) approach and innovation in learning methods have proven effective in improving the quality of Islamic Religious Education (IRE) learning. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study provides new insights into the global trends of Islamic Religious Education learning quality research through bibliometric analysis and systematic review. This study identifies research gaps, key factors for improving learning quality, and the integration of technology and Total Quality Management (TQM) in IRE, which have not been comprehensively discussed in previous studies.

Islamic education learning has not yet been seen to have a significant impact. The teaching and learning process in Islamic education tends to be more theoretical and less relevant to everyday life. The implementation of religious teachings is often only symbolic and ritualistic. In the learning process activities, an approach to learning is needed to achieve the desired learning objectives. One of them is the life-based learning approach Living Values ​​Education (LVE). This study aims to analyze the application of Islamic Religious Education learning based on life Living Values ​​Education (LVE). The research method used is the Literature review method. Sources of information can be books, journals, e-books, or other scientific articles. The results of this study indicate that the application of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning that focuses on everyday life has a significant effect on the understanding and practice of religious teachings among students. The research findings indicate that students involved in Islamic Religious Education learning with a life approach experience progress in several aspects, such as: Increasing Understanding of Religious Concepts, Practice of Religious Values, Student Involvement in the learning process, and Character Development. Overall, this study emphasizes that PAI learning based on daily life not only improves students' academic understanding, but also strengthens the implementation of religious values ​​and character development, which are very important in building a generation with good morals.

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation and results of the Islamic religious education (PAI) learning strategy outside of class hours as a social laboratory and also to determine the process of monitoring and assessing religious education learning outside of class hours as a social laboratory at MI BAITUL HIKMAH KEDIRI. This research was conducted through data collection using observation, interview, and document recording techniques systematically. In addition, the research design was applied by making direct observations and recording systematically about the phenomena being investigated. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that learning Islamic religious education that is carried out outside of class hours is a religious activity in the context of actualizing religious education that is carried out in class hours. Learning Islamic religious education that is carried out outside of class hours such as dhuha prayer in congregation, dzuhur prayer in congregation, Friday prayer, tarawih prayer for a full month, training in reading the Koran for students who have difficulty or are unable to read the Koran properly. fluency, zakat fitrah, qurban and Islamic Holidays (PHBI) strongly support formal religious learning programs, so that students are able to apply Islamic religious education properly and correctly. Learning Islamic religious education outside of class hours uses a hidden curriculum approach, which is a curriculum that is implemented outside the structured curriculum in lessons or PBM in the classroom. Also uses active learning, where students carry out religious activities responsibly and actively and creatively. Supporting factors for learning religious education outside of class hours are relatively active students, school and parent support and adequate infrastructure. While the inhibiting factor faced by Islamic religious education teachers in carrying out Islamic religious education learning outside of class hours is that there is still a difference in the understanding of the importance of religious education compared to general lessons so that sometimes in its application in the field of religious lessons it is always secondary

Personal Approach as an alternative to improve the quality of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning. This approach works through the internalization of universal Islamic values, strengthening the spiritual dimension of students, examples of good behavior from teachers, and open two-way communication. This study aims to understand the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the application of the Personal Approach in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Purwokerto. This study uses a case study method with a qualitative approach to examine SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Purwokerto which is located in Banyumas Regency. Participants in this study were PAI Teachers, Principals, and Students at the school. The results of the study on the Personal Approach in Islamic Religious Education learning at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Purwokerto identified three stages in its implementation: 1) Planning Stage, the school holds a preparatory workshop before the new school year begins 2) Implementation Stage, teachers approach students who are having difficulties one by one and then help solve the problems 3) Evaluation Stage, there are advantages and disadvantages in this approach and teachers handle it by holding remedial or providing learning outside the classroom to students.

This research aims to improve student learning outcomes in Islamic religious education learning using problem-based learning. This research is a classroom action research that uses four steps, namely planning, action, observation and reflection. The subject of this research is elementary school students. The data of this study was obtained by test and observation techniques. Tests are used to measure learning outcomes and observations are used to analyze the learning activities of teachers and students. The data analysis technique used in this study is descriptive statistics by comparing the results obtained with research success indicators. The results of the study show that problem-based learning can improve student learning outcomes in Islamic religious education learning. This can be seen from the increase in the percentage of student learning completeness in each cycle with details of 40.19% in the pre-cycle, 73.37% in the first cycle and 89.52% in the second cycle. Thus, the use of problem-based learning can be used as an alternative to improve student learning outcomes in Islamic religious education learning.

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Islamic education learning using the Discussion Method. This study is a classroom action research that uses four steps, namely planning, action, observation and reflection. The subjects of this study were high school students. The data for this study were obtained using test and observation techniques. Tests are used to measure the improvement of student learning outcomes in Islamic education learning and observations are used to analyze teacher and student learning activities. The data analysis technique used in this study is descriptive statistics by comparing the results obtained with indicators of research success. The results of the study indicate that learning using the Discussion Learning Method can improve student learning outcomes in Islamic religious education learning. This can be seen from the increase in the percentage of completeness of improving student learning outcomes in each cycle with details of the pre-cycle 48.56%, the first cycle 69.47% and in the second cycle increased to 90.57%. Thus, the use of the Discussion Learning Method can be used as an alternative to increase student activity in Islamic education learning in Islamic religious education learning.

Abstract: Learning of Islamic Education aims to make a religion and good people, piety and noble in practicing Islamic religious values. Learning of religious education uses two kind, they are intrakurikuler and extracurricular activities. Madrasah Diniyah is one of learning of Islamic Education which is use extracurricular, and will applied in State Elementari school 1 Pejogol. The results of this study indicate that the learning of Islamic Religious Education of Madrasah Diniyah program in State Elementary school of 1 Pejogol, Cilongok, Banyumas. That shows there are three stages implemented, namely planning, implementation and evaluation. The methods of teaching uses by Madrasah Diniyah teachers lecture are, learning task method, question and answer method, singing and demonstration, sorogan and rote. The use of instructional media in Madrasah Diniyah program utilizes the existing facilities in class ie blackboard and markers, and uses al-Quran, Iqra or Islamic books brought by the students themselves.
 Keywords: Learning Islamic Religious Education, Madrasah Diniyah.

This study aims to improve students' learning motivation in Islamic education learning using the Cooperative Learning Model. This study is a classroom action research that uses four steps, namely planning, action, observation and reflection. The subjects of this study were elementary school students. The data of this study were obtained by test and observation techniques. Tests are used to measure the improvement of student learning outcomes in Islamic education learning and observations are used to analyze teacher and student learning activities. The data analysis technique used in this study is descriptive statistics by comparing the results obtained with indicators of research success. The results of the study indicate that learning using the Cooperative Learning Model can improve student learning outcomes in Islamic religious education learning. This can be seen from the increase in the percentage of completeness of improving student learning outcomes in each cycle with details of the pre-cycle 49.56%, the first cycle 70.47% and in the second cycle increased to 90.57%. Thus, the use of the Cooperative Learning Model can be used as an alternative to increase student activity in Islamic education learning in Islamic religious education learning.

The development of information technology and social media has brought significant changes to educational practices, including in the learning of Islamic Religious Education (PAI). This condition demands the integration of technology that is not only oriented toward ease of access but also toward strengthening the values and goals of Islamic education. The integration of technology and social media in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning becomes relevant to improve the quality of the learning process, expand learning resources, and encourage active participation of students in the digital era. However, the use of technology in religious education also presents challenges that need to be addressed to ensure they do not contradict Islamic values. Based on that context, this research aims to analyze the integration of technology and social media in Islamic Religious Education and identify the accompanying opportunities and challenges. This research uses a literature study method by reviewing various scientific sources related to educational technology, social media, digital literacy, and Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning. The study results show that the integration of technology and social media can enhance students' learning motivation, activity, and understanding thru the use of digital platforms and online learning media. However, challenges such as the digital divide, low digital literacy, and the potential for media misuse still require attention. Therefore, the integration of technology in PAI learning needs to be accompanied by strengthening digital literacy, ethical guidance, and supervision based on Islamic values so that educational goals can be optimally achieved

This study aims to improve Islamic education learning in Islamic religious education learning by using problem based learning model. This study is a classroom action research that uses four steps, namely planning, action, observation and reflection. The subjects of this study were elementary school students. The data of this study were obtained by test and observation techniques. Tests are used to measure learning outcomes and observations are used to analyze teacher and student learning activities. The data analysis technique used in this study is descriptive statistics by comparing the results obtained with indicators of research success. The results of the study indicate that problem based learning model can improve Islamic education learning in Islamic religious education learning. This can be seen from the increase in the percentage of student learning completion in each cycle with details of the pre-cycle 49.71%, the first cycle 68.39% and in the second cycle increased to 90.16%. Thus, the use of problem based learning model can be used as an alternative to improve student learning outcomes in Islamic religious education learning.

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Islamic religious education learning using the Problem Based Learning Learning Model. This study is a classroom action research that uses four steps, namely planning, action, observation and reflection. The subjects of this study were vocational high school students. The data for this study were obtained by test and observation techniques. Tests are used to measure student learning effectiveness and observations are used to analyze teacher and student learning activities. The data analysis technique used in this study is descriptive statistics by comparing the results obtained with indicators of research success. the results of the study indicate that the Problem Based Learning Learning Model can improve student learning outcomes in Islamic religious education learning. This can be seen from the increase in the percentage of student learning completion in each cycle with details of the pre-cycle 40.89%, the first cycle 68.87% and in the second cycle increased to 90.32%. Thus, the use of the Problem Based Learning Learning Model can be used as an alternative to improve student learning outcomes in Islamic religious education learning.

The integration of social learning theory in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning is a relevant approach to face the challenges of the digital era. This article discusses the application of social learning theory, developed by Albert Bandura, in supporting innovative and adaptive Islamic Education learning. This theory emphasizes the importance of observation, modeling, reinforcement, and self-efficacy in learning. By utilizing digital technology, such as learning videos, simulations, and social media, Islamic values can be taught in a more interactive, interesting, and relevant to students' lives. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach based on literature study, with Miles and Huberman data analysis, namely by analyzing various relevant sources. The results show that the use of technology in Islamic education learning, such as Islamic game-based applications, worship simulation videos, and social media platforms, allows students to understand religious values through real and contextual experiences. The integration of social learning theory helps build a strong connection between Islamic Religious Education learning and students' digital lives. The technology also plays a role in strengthening students' self-efficacy, increasing motivation, and rewarding positive behavior through digital reinforcement mechanisms.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of blended learning as an alternative development of technology-based Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning model. In the context of increasingly digitized education, blended learning combines face-to-face learning with online learning, allowing students to learn flexibly anywhere and anytime. From the analysis of various sources, it is concluded that blended learning is an effective method to improve the quality of technology-based Islamic Education learning. This study aims to analyze the implementation of blended learning as an alternative learning model development for technology-based Islamic Education (PAI). In the context of evolving education, blended learning is a relevant alternative learning model to increase the effectiveness and flexibility of learning. The research method used islibrary research with a qualitative approach, which involves analyzing various literature sources, including articles, journals, and related books. The results show that the application of blended learning in Islamic education learning has a positive impact on student learning outcomes. This model allows a combination of face-to-face learning and online learning, so that students can access materials more widely and interactively. The research also identified several factors supporting the success of blended learning.