Abstract
Starch is a natural polysaccharide for which the technological quality depends on the genetic basis of the plant and the environmental conditions of the cultivation. Growing plants under cover without soil has many advantages for controlling the above-mentioned conditions. The present research focuses on determining the effect of under cover hydroponic potato cultivation on the physicochemical properties of accumulated potato starch (PS). The plants were grown in the hydroponic system, with (greenhouse, GH) and without recirculation nutrient solution (foil tunnel, FT). The reference sample was PS isolated from plants grown in a tunnel in containers filled with mineral soil (SO). The influence of the cultivation method on the elemental composition of the starch molecules was noted. The cultivation method also influenced the protein and amylose content of the PS. Considering the chromatic parameters, PS-GH and PS-FT were brighter and whiter, with a tinge of blue, than PS-SO. PS-SO was also characterized by the largest average diameters of granules, while PS-GH had the lowest crystallinity. PS-SO showed a better resistance to the combined action of elevated temperature and shear force. There was a slight variation in the gelatinization temperature values. Additionally, significant differences for enthalpy and the retrogradation ratio were observed. The cultivation method did not influence the glass transition and melting.
Highlights
Starch is the main reserve material of the higher plants and at the same time it is the most important carbohydrate in the human diet
The starch mineral composition can be of decisive importance for its industrial application, because the degree of phosphorylation determines the physicochemical properties of the polymer [31,32,33]
The first one included hydroponic cultivation using the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) system, with a nutrient solution recirculation in a greenhouse (GH); the second was the hydroponic cultivation of NFT without the recirculation of the nutrient solution in a hydroponic cultivation using the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) system, with a nutrient solution recirculation in a greenhouse (GH); the second was the hydroponic cultivation of NFT without the recirculation of the nutrient solution in a foil tunnel (FT); and the third was cultivation in containers filled with mineral soil (SO) in a foil tunnel
Summary
Starch is the main reserve material of the higher plants and at the same time it is the most important carbohydrate in the human diet. Potato starch (PS) is considered the best, which is related to its physicochemical properties This uniqueness results from the large size of its granules, relatively long chains of amylose (AM) and amylopectin (AP), the presence of ester-bound phosphate groups in the AP molecule, the ability to exchange some cations with a corresponding effect on the viscosity and the ability to form thick viscoelastic gels after heating and cooling [2,3]. This is due to the presence of phosphate esters and a low lipid content [4,5]
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