The influence of guided inquiry models on students' science processing skills through reflex movement practicum

The STS (science technology and society) learning model teaches students to pay attention to problems that then emerge as other impacts of the use of new technologies in social life. Whereas the Problem Solving learning model teaches students to be trained in problem-solving using creative ways. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the application of STS based problem-solving learning models on the learning outcomes, science process skills, scientific attitude of senior high school 6 Ambon. The research was conducted from January to February 2020. The research design was a quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent group design. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using the ANCOVA and ANOVA tests. Descriptive statistics are used to explain the range of research data on cognitive learning outcomes, science process skills, and scientific attitudes in the table. ANCOVA test is used to analyze the effect of learning models on cognitive learning outcomes. ANOVA test is used to analyze the effect of learning models on scientific process skills and scientific attitudes. The results showed that the distribution of cognitive learning outcomes, science process skills, and scientific attitudes of students in the experimental class taught using STS based problem solving learning models were better than students taught using conventional learning models (STAD). ANCOVA statistical test shows that the significant value is 0,000 <0.05. This shows that the learning model influences students' cognitive learning outcomes. ANOVA statistical test showed that the significant value was 0,000 <0.05. This shows that the learning model influences the science process skills and scientific attitude. The stages in the STS based problem solving learning models can accommodate cognitive learning outcomes, process skills, and scientific attitudes of senior high school 6 Ambon on Environmental Friendly Technology material.

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) activities on students' scientific process skills, science attitudes and science interests in the 7th grade secondary school science class and to clarify student opinions about the practice. The study group was carried out with a quasi-experimental method in the 2017-2018 academic year in a central secondary school in Osmaniye-Duzici district with total 52 students 26 of which in the experimental group and the other 26 in the control group. The research was completed in 14 weeks (28-course hours) in science applications class. Scientific process skills, science attitude scale and science interest scale were applied to the pre-treatment groups as a pre-test and at the end of the research, the same scales were re-applied. In addition, in order to clarify the students' opinions about STEM activities, the opinions of the students in the experimental group were taken together with the final test. The findings of the study indicate that STEM activities have a significant difference in favor of the experimental group on the students' scientific process skills, science attitudes and science interests. In addition, it is observed that the students mostly use positive statements about STEM activities.

Science process skills are one of the indicators to know the level of achievement of physics teaching goals. This research examines the influence of guided inquiry models through virtual laboratories on students' science process skills. The research was a quasi-experiment conducted at the senior high school in Mataram, Lombok. The samples were class XI students, as many as 58 people divided into two sample groups: experimental and control groups. The guided inquiry model through the virtual laboratory was applied to the experimental group and the conventional model for the control group. The instrument used was a performance sheet. A t-test was used to analyze the effect of learning model on science process skill. The results of this study found that the achievement of science process skills for the experimental group was higher than the control group. The guided inquiry models through virtual laboratory have a significant effect on science process skills, especially on skills: hypothesizing, practicing, and communicating. These findings contribute significantly to the current knowledge about the effectiveness of guided inquiry models through virtual laboratories to improve students' science process skills in physics teaching.

This study aims to describe and explain the differences in science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes between students who learn using Project Based Learning (PjBL) and conventional learning in science subjects. This type of research is a quasi-experiment with the matching pretest-posttest control group design. The population in this study is all grade VIII students of SMPN 1 Marga, Tabanan Regency for the 2022/2023 academic year. Research sampling based on class matching techniques. The research instruments are observation sheets of science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes tests. The data in this study is in the form of students' science process skill scores and cognitive learning outcomes scores which are analyzed based on descriptive analysis and the Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) test. The results showed that: (1) simultaneously there are differences in science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes between students who learn using Project Based Learning (PjBL) and conventional learning in science subjects, (2) there are differences in science process skills between students who learn using Project Based Learning (PjBL) and conventional learning in science subjects, and (3) there are significant differences in cognitive learning outcomes between students who learn using Project Based Learning (PjBL) and conventional learning in science subjects. The group of students who learned using Project Based Learning (PjBL) showed that science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes in science subjects were superior to the group of students who learned with conventional learning.

This study aims to determine the influence of the Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) learning model on students' science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes. Employing a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design, the research population consists of all tenth-grade students at Madrasah Aliyah Qamarul Huda Bagu, Central Lombok, with a sample size of 49 individuals. Observation sheets are utilized to measure science process skills, while students' cognitive learning outcomes are assessed through a learning achievement test. The data on science process skills are tabulated and categorized as follows: high (80-100%), medium (60-79%), and low (0-59%). The student's learning outcomes are tabulated and analyzed using covariance (ANCOVA) analysis to discern differences between the experimental and control classes. Implementing the TAI model in teaching effectively enhances science process skills and students' learning outcomes (Sig.<.05). The students' science process skills fall within the medium category. Successful TAI implementation requires meticulous planning, teacher support, and coordination among team members. Additionally, factors such as group size, students' proficiency levels, and available resources can influence the effectiveness of TAI in education. Hence, educators must carefully consider TAI implementation in the classroom to maximize its impact on student motivation and cognitive learning outcomes.

A virtual laboratory is computer software that has the ability to perform mathematical modeling of computer devices presented in the form of simulations. Virtual laboratories are not a substitute for real laboratories, but are used to complement and improve the weaknesses of real laboratories. This research aims to determine the effect of virtual labs on science education students' scientific attitude abilities and science process skills in science courses. The design of this research is a repeated pre-experiment without a control class, with a one-group and pretest-posttest design. The sample in this study was 60 students of the science education study program at Makassar State University, Indonesia, used as experiment 1 group A (n = 30), experiment 2 group B (n = 30). Two groups (experiment 1 and experiment 2) were tested with a pretest and posttest. Each group uses a virtual lab-based practical model (PbVLab). Scientific attitudes and scientific skills were measured using multiple choice tests before and after treatment. The mixed method ANOVA statistical test was used to determine how effective the use of PbVLab was in improving scientific attitudes and science process skills. The results of testing research based on Within-Subjects Effects showed that there was no difference between the pretest-posttest scores for scientific attitudes and scientific skills (F = 0.00; p < 0.05) in each group. The results of the pairwise comparison showed a significance value of <0.05, and there was a significant increase in the pretest-posttest scores for scientific attitudes and science process skills in each group. The effect size results (partial eta squared) show that experimental group 1 experienced an increase in scientific attitudes by 52%; science process skills 53%, experimental group 2 scientific attitudes 54% and science process skills 56%. So, it can be concluded that experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 (PbVab model) provide the most effective contribution to improving scientific attitudes and science process skills.

The discovery of new knowledge is inseparable from the process of determining whether that applies science process skills (SPS). Science process skills are essential for students to develop science. This study aimed to determine the effect of the GIReSiMCo (Guided Inquiry, Reading, Sharing, Mind Mapping, and Communication) learning model as a new guided inquiry on students’ SPS and cognitive learning outcomes. A quasi-experimental research design was applied in biology classrooms at seven senior high schools for one semester. One hundred and twenty-six eleventh-grade students who were interested in mathematics and natural sciences were selected as the research sample. In this study, the application of the GIReSiMCo learning model was compared to that of a guided inquiry model, the Reading Mind Mapping Sharing (RMS) model, and traditional learning models. The two dependent variables are science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes. The data collection instrument for the two variables is in the form of an essay test. The reliability of the instrument test was 0.75 for cognitive learning outcomes, and 0.68 for SPS. The dependent variable data were analyzed using the ANCOVA test. The result showed that the GIReSiMCo learning model had a higher impact on students’ cognitive performance and SPS, compared to the traditional learning models. In short, the GIReSiMCo learning model can enhance students’ SPS and cognitive learning outcomes. The GIReSiMCo as a student-centered learning model is recommended in Biology learning.

One of alternative way to improve science process skills and student creativity is by using guided inquiry learning model. Improvement science process skills research and student creativity in the excretion system material concept was carried out in� SMP Negeri 1 Cigandamekar. This research was carried out by quasi-experimental method. The research was conducted on the eighth grade students of junior high school. The research� used two classes, there are class VIIIA as control and VIIIB as experimental classes. In control class� the learning process is carried out by conventional methods namely lectures and information discussions. While in the learning experimental class using guided inquiry models with discussion learning methods.The result shows that studied with guided inquiry models is increasing value of 96 % from learning I to learning II. The students who studied using guided inquiry learning models have higher values of science process skills than the control classes that using conventional learning models. This is proved by the average value of N-Gain in the assessment of science process skills in the experimental class which is 0.35 while in the control class the value of N-Gain is 0.23. The average value of science process skills in the control class was 53,48 and in the experimental class the value was 64,33. There is increasing value of students' science process skills after learning with a guided inquiry model of 10.22% The average value of creativity in the control class was 62.96 and in the experimental class the value was 83.28. And there is increasing in the value of students' creativity with indicators of fluency, flexibility, elaboration and originality with a cumulative value of 24.39%. Student responses toward learning with guided inquiry models value was 32,06 and students was agreeKeywords: Science Process Skill; Creativity; Excretion; Guided Inquiry

Science literacy is crucial for prospective elementary school teachers to enhance their higher-order thinking skills. Science education that emphasizes the development of higher-order thinking skills is based on science process skills. This research aims to determine the relationship between science literacy and science process skills on HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) cognitive learning outcomes. The study employs a quantitative approach with a correlational method. Data collection for the variables of science literacy and HOTS cognitive learning outcomes was conducted through written tests, while data collection for the science process skills variable was carried out through performance tests developed by the researcher. The population consists of all 2022 Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program or PGSD students in Sebelas Maret University, with random cluster sampling. Data analysis employs multiple correlation analysis. The results indicate a positive and significant relationship between science literacy and science process skills on HOTS cognitive learning outcomes, with a significance value of 0.000 0.05 and a Pearson correlation value of 0.495. There is a positive and significant combined relationship between science literacy and science process skills on HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) cognitive learning outcomes, with a moderate level of correlation. The findings of this study have important implications for students' enhancement of their science process skills, science literacy, and HOTS cognitive learning outcomes. This research positively impacts academic programs by encouraging students and implementing relevant teaching strategies and methods, thereby improving science literacy, science process skills, and HOTS cognitive learning outcomes.

This study aims to (1) find out how the application of guided inquiry models to learning in elementary schools, (2) find out whether there are differences in students' science process skills before and after learning through guided inquiry models, and (3) knowing how the development of students' science process skills through guided inquiry models. This type of research uses mixed methods embedded experimental design, using interviews, observations, questionnaires, and tests as data collection methods. The research subjects consisted of 24 elementary school students. The results of the study show that: (1) the application of a guided inquiry model is carried out by the stages of expressing problems, preparing experiments or investigations, conducting experiments or investigations in groups, compiling reports on the results of experiments or investigations, and presenting the results; (2) there are differences in students' science process skills before and after learning through guided inquiry models; (3) students' science process skills through guided inquiry models experience fluctuating developments.

The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of activities based on scientific process skills on problem-solving skills of 4th grade students in science lessons. In the study a non-equivalent control group pre-test and post-test design type of quasi-experimental method was used. The research study group was composed of 30 students with 15 each in the experimental study group and control group. In the experimental and control groups, for scientific process skills, the “Scientific Process Skills Test (SPS)”,and for problem-solving skills, the “Problem Solving Inventory for Children at Elementary Education Level (PSIC)” were used as pre-test and post-tests. Activities including scientific process skills in the experimental group were applied for 8 weeks and 16 lesson hours, while no intervention was made to the control group. In the data analysis process, the Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test were used. According to the data obtained from the research, it was observed that there was a significant difference in the post-test scores in the Scientific Process Skills Test (SPST) and the Problem-Solving Inventory for Children (PSIC) of the students in the experimental group compared to the students in the control group. According to these findings, it can be stated that activities including scientific process skills develop problem-solving skills of students in primary science education.

In the past decade, scientific process skills and scientific attitudes are widely regarded as essential factors influencing students’ achievement and their future career choices. Unfortunately, previous literature found that students’ scientific skills and attitudes tend to be unsatisfactory. Thus, cultivating students’ skills and attitudes is seen as a fundamental goal in science education. This research sought to promote scientific process skills and scientific attitudes of pre-service chemistry teachers using REORCILEA (Research-Oriented Collaborative Inquiry Learning). In this quasi-experimental research, a one-group pretest and posttest design was utilized. A total of 50 pre-service teachers (6 males and 44 females) at a medium-sized public university in Indonesia were recruited for this study. In order to gather data, the Scientific Process Skills Observation Checklist (SPSOC) and the Scientific Attitude Survey (SAS) were administered before and after the intervention. The data obtained in this study were analyzed through a paired-samples t-test and Cohen’s d. The results showed a significant increase from pretest to posttest in scientific process skills and scientific attitude scores during treatment, each with a high effect size. It can be summarized that REORCILEA is effective in fostering scientific skills and positive attitudes of pre-service chemistry teachers to a satisfactory level. It is recommended for educators to apply REORCILEA to other college chemistry courses to improve their performance.

Teaching approaches and models have an important role in learning as they have the potential to channel students to research, increase their active participation and facilitate learning. The study aims to investigate the effect of guided inquiry teaching model on 7 th grade students' scientific process skills. The research employed the quasi-experimental method and it was carried out with 85 seventh grade students, 40 in control and 45 in experimental group, in a secondary school in Baskale district of Van during 2017-2018 academic year. The data collection process lasted four weeks. The guided inquiry based teaching model was used in the experimental group and 5E instructional model was used in the control group. The data were collected through the Scientific Process Skills Scale and were analysed by using dependent and independent t-test. The findings show that science teaching based on guided inquiry model has an effect on the scientific process skills of 7 th grade students. From this perspective, it can be said that it is appropriate for teachers to use guided inquiry teaching model in Science courses for the development of students' scientific process skills.

Zygomycota and Ascomycota Classesare classified as the Fungi Kingdom groups It is needed to hold a practicum activity in the fungi grouping learning. Nevertheless, the tools and materials at school to observe the fungi are inadequate. Therefore, it is necessary to hold a fungi practicum which accompanied with a students worksheet that is able to develop the students’ science process skills so that the teachers and the students are able to achieve the learning objectives of the Fungi material. This study aims to analyze the students' science process skills after the application of guided-inquiry learning model in the fungi practicum activity. The study used pre-experimental design method with one-shot case study design as the research method. Furthermore, the students’ understanding level is obtained based on the results of the students' skill score, such as the ability to observe and to conduct an experiment which able to reach the defined completeness criteria. The result shows that the observation skills score of class X.MIA.1 and class X.MIA.3 were 85% and 91% and the experimental skills score of class X.MIA 1 and class X.MIA.3 were 85.7% and 88.5%. The understanding of fungi material is classified successful in Fungi practicum learning activity due to the classical completeness that reaches above 85%.

The low level of science process skills and scientific attitudes of students is because students are accustomed to getting information from teachers and learning that takes place only in one direction. Therefore, this study aims to improve students’ scientific attitudes and process skills through a guided inquiry model. The specific purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of lesson plans, science process skills, scientific attitudes, and learning outcomes of students. This study was a class action research model Kemmis and Mc Taggart consisting of 2 cycles. The subjects of this study were 34 students of class X-3 SMA Negeri 4 Banjarmasin. Data obtained through observation, tests, and documentation. The results showed: 1) the implementation of the lesson plan was categorized very well with a percentage of 90% and 96%; 2) students’ science process skills increase from an average score of 2.60 with a skilled category to 3.28 with a highly skilled category; 3) the scientific attitude of students also increased from an average score of 2.04 with a good category to 2.63 with a very good category; 4) student learning outcomes increase from classical completeness 50% to 85%. It was concluded that the science process skills and scientific attitudes of students increased after applied guided inquiry learning models on harmonious vibration material.