Abstract
AbstractThe changes in structure and mechanical properties of melt spun polypropylene filaments were determined as the filaments were successively (i) drawn, (ii) twisted, (iii) annealed, and (iv) untwisted. Filaments spun to two different melt draw down levels were studied. The effects of draw temperature and draw ratio, extent of twist, annealing temperature, and the extent of untwisting were examined. Melt spun and twisted filaments (draw ratio of 1) were also considered. Structural characterization techniques used in this study include wide angle (WAXS) and small angle (SAXS) diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), birefringence and density measurement. Drawing increased crystalline orientation and at low temperatures disrupted the monoclinic unit. cell existing in the melt spun fibers. The drawing produced considerable fibrillation under all conditions even when carried out at 120°C. The fibrillation quid void formation due to low temperature drawing was more pronounced. The variation of WAXS patterns and mechanical properties of twisted drawn filaments was interpreted by presuming that the fibrils act in a manner analogous to that of the filaments in a continuous filament twisted yarn. In the case of incompletely drawn filaments the effect of additional drawing occurring during twistin must be considered. Twisted fibers annealed at 150°C sowed a drastic reduction in tensile properties, while those annealed at 125°C did not set the twist and caused the fibers to tend to untwist. Annealing at 140°C appeared to give satisfactory heat setting. Annealing of cold drawn and cold drawn and twisted fibers increased the density, removed many defects and reformed a well defined monoclinic crystal structure and a lamellar morphology. Untwisting of heat set filaments tended to give back the properties of hot drawn fibers. In some cases, however, the opening of cracks was noted.
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