The influence of bioproducts on mycorrhizal occurrence in the vegetable roots

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In plant cultivation, it is very important to reduce the negative effects of biotic and abiotic environmental stresses in order to produce high-quality crops (Wu 2017). Biotic factors include stresses caused by pathogenic fungi, bacteria, nematodes, viruses, and pests, while abiotic factors include drought, mineral deficiency/excess, salinity, thermal stresses, and heavy metal contamination (Inculet et al. 2019 ). Among abiotic stresses, the most serious losses in horticultural and agricultural crops are caused by water shortage, especially long-term. Plants grown in field conditions are of-ten exposed to the simultaneous effects of several stresses, a typical example of which is the occurrence of drought and high temperature, common in many agricultural areas not only in Poland but also throughout the world (Duc et al. 2018) . Crop losses caused by stress factors can reach up to 50-82% (Inculet et al. 2019) . These are the most significant threats to the cultivation and yielding of plants, and constitute serious limitations in plant production (Abewoy 2017). For this reason, a key role in plant production is played by sustainable plant cultivation technologies with the use of beneficial