Abstract
The interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) gene family performs multiple functions in immunity, including inhibition of virus entry into cells. The IFITM repertoire varies widely between species and consists of protein-coding genes and pseudogenes. The selective forces driving pseudogenization within gene families are rarely understood. In this issue, the human pseudogene IFITM4P is characterized as a virus-induced, long noncoding RNA that contributes to restriction of influenza A virus by regulating mRNA levels of IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3.
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