Abstract
Homeostasis is a fundamental property of biological systems consisting of the ability to maintain a dynamic balance of the environment of biochemical processes. The action of endogenous and exogenous factors can lead to internal balance disorder, which results in the activation of the immune system and the development of inflammatory response. Inflammation determines the disturbances in the structure of the vessel wall, connected with the change in their diameter. These disorders consist of accumulation in the space between the endothelium and the muscle cells of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), resulting in the formation of fatty streaks narrowing the lumen and restricting the blood flow in the area behind the structure. The effect of inflammation may also be pathological dilatation of the vessel wall associated with the development of aneurysms. Described disease entities strongly correlate with the increased migration of immune cells. Recent scientific research indicates the secretion of specific vesicular structures during migration activated by the inflammation. The review focuses on the link between endothelial dysfunction and the inflammatory response and the impact of these processes on the development of disease entities potentially related to the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs).
Highlights
The inflammatory process is a part of the cellular response for severe imbalance in tissue homeostasis
Proteases are involved in this process, the aneurysm, the artery vessel wall consists of many components such as fibroblasts, Endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and extracellular matrix (ECM), which both represent a significant component of the vascular wall.4 of
It is believed that miR-133a replacement attenuates the development of TAA. These results suggest that stable alterations in aortic fibroblasts may be connected with pathological extracellular matrix remodeling, and regulation by miR-133a may lead to the novel therapeutic strategy [110,111]
Summary
The inflammatory process is a part of the cellular response for severe imbalance in tissue homeostasis. F-actin cytoskeleton depolymerization and reorganization promotes the changes in ECs proteins expression profile and formation of F-actin stress fibers It is associated with the loss of coordinated EC migration, which is necessary to maintain the endothelial barrier. Different manipulations within ECs involving and the surface of the endothelial and extracellular matrix (ECM), which could be related the activation of expression of regulatory proteins of actin filaments, i.e., tropomyosinto cell signaling [12]. Protein profiling of endothelial extracellular vesicles, aslial extracellular vesicles probably could be an attractive therapeutic target in inflammatory sessment at the ultrastructural level, and analysis of fundamental life processes should cardiovascular diseases. Their possible use as a diagnostic marker or therapeutic molecule in the diagnosis and treatment of the cardiovascular pathologies [16,17]
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