The importance of beliefs in predicting support for a South Coast National Marine Conservation Area in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Abstract

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) frequently fall short of their stated goals as marine conservation tools due to various regulatory, physical, sociocultural, and economic reasons. MPA designation, however, continues to be used for perceived conservation and socioeconomic benefits for adjacent communities. Local beliefs regarding ecological and socio-economic outcomes often influence the public support for MPAs and ultimately their effectiveness. This paper focuses on understanding local residents' beliefs regarding a potential South Coast National Marine Conservation Area (NMCA) in Newfoundland and Labrador and how those beliefs influence resident support for the NMCA. Data were collected from 180 Burgeo residents through a household survey. While 33% supported the designation of a South Coast NMCA, 43% opposed it and 26% were unsure. A principal component analysis (PCA) extracted five belief constructs. A regression model was used to examine relationships between these constructs and support for a South Coast NMCA. The results indicate that perceived economic development and marine conservation were the best predictors of support for NMCA establishment. Qualitative data analysis supported these findings and was used to better understand these relationships, with a minority of respondents seeing economic opportunities and protection and conservation as causes for support of the proposal. Qualitative responses also revealed strong concerns about the loss of traditional and current means of livelihood. If a South Coast NMCA is to be considered feasible it will require greater support and a shift in resident beliefs. This will require effective stakeholder engagement and increased educational and information campaigns.