Abstract
Materials used to reduce dustiness on gravel roads affect both the gravel road surfacing and the neighbouring vegetation. Materials used to reduce dustiness may access vegetation directly (when sprayed on gravel roads) and indirectly (when leached out by precipitation). The investigation examined a new substance, the aqueous solution Safecote (of different concentrations) and its mixtures with calcium chloride. 10%, 20% and 30% concentrations of Safecote and 36.5% of calcium chloride were used. The mixture ratio was 1:1 by volume. The investigation addressed the impact of the applied solutions on the length and viability of the above-ground part of plants. The timothy grass, white clover and crimson clover species of grass vegetation were selected for the investigation. The choice was determined by the fact that these species frequently grow in pastures by gravel roads. As it was determined during the investigation the viability of the selected plants in non-contaminated soil was 85-89%, in soil contaminated with dust reducing agent was 67-88% using solution Safecote, and 0-1% when applying mixtures of solutions. After 6 weeks of growth the length of above-ground part was 6.41-8.57 cm in uncontaminated soil, 4.22-8.18 cm in soil contaminated with Safecote solution and 0.00-2.07 cm in soil contaminated with the mixture.
Highlights
In order to ensure traffic safety, measures are taken to help to avoid accidents and reduce the risk of traffic accidents, traffic jams, consumer expenses and environmental pollution (Kochanek, Tynan 2010)
As it was determined during the investigation the viability of the selected plants in non-contaminated soil was 85–89%, in soil contaminated with dust reducing agent was 67–88% using solution Safecote, and 0–1% when applying mixtures of solutions
The emergence of road gravel particles caused by gravel surfacing wear, vehicles and climatic factors are minimised by using asphalt gravel roads or, without changing the type of paving, by treating gravel surfacing with reagents which reduce dustiness: calcium lignosulphonate, calcium chloride or bitumen emulsion
Summary
In order to ensure traffic safety, measures are taken to help to avoid accidents and reduce the risk of traffic accidents, traffic jams, consumer expenses and environmental pollution (Kochanek, Tynan 2010). Thousands of tonnes of chemicals are applied on Lithuanian roads. They are mainly technical salts (chlorides) reducing dustiness and increasing traffic safety. In Lithuania the most frequently used substances are calcium chlorides (CaCl2) and bitumen emulsion (Vainalavičiūtė et al 2009). The emergence of road gravel particles caused by gravel surfacing wear, vehicles and climatic factors are minimised by using asphalt gravel roads or, without changing the type of paving, by treating gravel surfacing with reagents which reduce dustiness: calcium lignosulphonate, calcium chloride or bitumen emulsion
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