The Impact of the Waste Recycling Industry on Improving the Quality of Life in Baghdad Governorate

Significance. Development and implementation of new medical and information technologies in healthcare, development of quality management system and digitalization are prioritized by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation as of June 6, 2019 No.254 «On Strategy on healthcare development in the Russian Federation for the period until 2025». They are also mentioned in the list of key activities of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2019-2024. Modern evidence-based management approaches are necessary to work in the mentioned fields, while the system development requires improvements including improvements in the management process based on best Russian and international practices in modern management in healthcare. Purpose. To assess the possibility of using modern management technologies to increase flexibility and efficiency of the medical organization. Material and methods. Analysis of domestic and foreign literature, normative legal documents for the period from 2015 to 2020 was carried out by means of theoretical analysis and synthesis using databases of the Russian Science Citation Index, Google Scholar, «Garant» reference system, open Internet sources and keywords search in Yandex search system. Results. Based on the analysis and guided by the functional principle, the authors have proposed a three-group classification of modern management technologies in healthcare allowing to structure the management process in a health care organization depending on the objectives. The groups include: 1) technologies that ensure development and implementation of organizational solutions; 2) technologies that ensure treatment and diagnostic process, quality and safety of health care; and 3) technologies for human resource management. Each group of technologies is represented by a set of organizational solutions, the characteristics of which are presented in this study. Conclusion. Application of flexible technologies is determined by the need to cope with changes in the business environment and to adapt the management system to new conditions. Due to objective restrictions related to the normative nature of the facility functioning and existing personnel limitations preventing development of the necessary managerial competencies of the staff, managers of health care organizations may not be able to properly attend to these issues. At the same time, the accumulated successful experience in implementing individual project management tools, the Agile method and other modern management technologies in the international practice suggest their possible replication to improve management processes in health care organizations in Russia. Scope of application. The study results can be used by healthcare managers, heads of health care organizations in developing and implementing managerial decisions, selecting modern tools and management technologies in order to achieve flexibility and efficiency of the institution's performance, as well as by regional authorities in public health in determining priorities for organizational development of health care organizations. Keywords: modern tools and methods of management in healthcare; project management; flexible management technologies.

The construction industry is one of the greatest generators of waste to deal with; therefore, effective waste management is critical. This process entails the collection, transmission, disposal, and recycling of various wastes produced by human activities. Industry practitioners must educate themselves about modern and creative waste management technologies to significantly reduce construction waste. This manuscript aims to investigate and improve innovative waste management strategies in the Malaysian construction industry. The goals are to identify the challenges to their implementation and to encourage the adoption of these novel systems among industry practitioners. The study adopts a quantitative methodology, with data collected through an online questionnaire survey of G7 contractors registered with the Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) in the Klang Valley area. Out of the 155 targeted respondents, 73 completed the survey, for a 47% response rate. The findings highlight the most widely used innovative waste management solutions in Malaysia's construction industry, as well as the challenges to their acceptance and the most effective techniques for encouraging their use. Key obstacles include a lack of incentives and financial limits. By addressing these difficulties and supporting sustainable practices, the study highlights the significance of innovative waste management systems for improving sustainability and efficiency in Malaysia's construction industry.

Green hospitals with improved hospital waste recycling practices can be a key solution to the potential problems associated with hospital waste disposal and management. Recycling of household hospital waste could significantly impact on the overall waste disposal management systems and how hospital waste is segregated and eventually disposed. The involvement of hospital staff is of key importance in improving recycling performance, however, the perceptions of hospital workers towards recycling of hospital waste is still not clear and there is a lack of research in this area. The factors that determine the recycling behaviour are not adequately described in the medical literature, and differences between hospital workers perceptions of recycling in developing versus developed countries have not previously been extensively studied. This thesis was designed to examine the factors influencing the knowledge and attitudes of hospital workers towards toward recycling of hospital waste, using a novel questionnaire. A pilot study was first performed to test the efficiency of the questionnaire, conducted via sending the self-administered questionnaires to 12 experts. Their views were considered in the development of the final version of the questionnaires. These were distributed randomly in 2 pre-selected hospitals in the UK and 3 similar hospitals in Libya. A total of 453 questionnaires were returned. The response rates were generally low in both counties (less than 20%). Females and nurses responded significantly more frequently than men and physicians. In general there were relatively low levels of knowledge about waste management and recycling practice. In this study, none of the Libyan hospitals practiced any recycling and the hospital workers in Libya were significantly less enthusiastic towards recycling than their UK counterparts. Training in hospital waste management and education were found to be weak predictors of positive attitudes. Results showed that it is difficult to predict the recycling behaviours among hospital workers, however, waste management staff were more positive towards recycling than those without training in waste management. The study has shown similar results to previous studies, in that hospitals in developed countries generated much less waste compared to hospitals in developed countries. Unexpectedly, knowledge was weakly linked to attitudes in both UK and Libyan hospitals. This may be due to the fact that the attitudes of clinicians and hospital workers are not necessarily related to their knowledge but rather affected mostly by the hard working hours and busy atmosphere which makes recycling more challenging. The study opens doors for further studies to investigate factors influencing recycling attitudes, and encouraging hospitals in developing countries to commence recycling practice and provide whatever infrastructure is needed to make this possible. More education and training on hospital waste management should be encouraged in developing countries. Introducing new technologies in hospital waste management, particularly recycling of hospital house hold waste may change the future prospective of hospital waste disposal in developed and developing countries. More studies intervening with educating the hospital workers in waste management, particularly in recycling of hospital waste and it's relatively safety should be encouraged. Key words: Healthcare waste, hospital household recycling, knowledge, attitudes, hospitals, healthcare workers, waste management.

The article considers the ambivalence of personnel marketing as a modern management technology that allows balancing on the principles of the mutual agreement the interests of employers and employees in a situation of choice in the segment of the labor market. The problem of the article lies in the need to search for tools to effectively build (develop) the labor market of agricultural enterprises. Personnel marketing technologies are proposed as tools. Research methods are: methods of theoretical generalization, logical modeling, induction, and other general scientific methods. The article defines the main directions and mechanisms for the development of personnel marketing as a modern social management technology that ensures the tactical and strategic development of company personnel. The possibility of promoting the attractiveness of jobs at agricultural enterprises through the use of external and internal tools of personnel marketing is being considered.

This research reviews waste management problems in Pangkalpinang City, Indonesia, which is facing increasing waste volumes and suboptimal management. In an effort to overcome this problem, research uses a collaborative Triple Helix Model approach involving government, industry and universities. By combining the resources and competencies of these three parties, the research aims to develop a more effective and sustainable waste management model in Pangkalpinang. Through analysis of involvement and collaboration between government, industry and universities, this research explores the potential of the Triple Helix approach in overcoming waste management problems in the city. The research results show that the implementation of the Triple Helix Model has had a positive impact on waste management in Pangkalpinang City with various programs and initiatives that have been implemented. Recommendations for waste recycling programs are prioritized as an effective solution in maintaining environmental sustainability and creating new economic opportunities. However, there are still challenges such as lack of public awareness, limited resources, and technical obstacles that need to be overcome. By continuing effective collaboration between government, industry, academics and the community, it is hoped that waste management can continue to be improved and support sustainable development in Pangkalpinang City.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the importance of waste recycling in addressing economic, social and environmental problems facing most countries of the world, especially developing countries, including Iraq, Where Iraq has not developed a recycling strategy for waste considering the economic and climatic changes that the world is witnessing with the increase in population growth rates and the expansion of cities. Theoretical Framework: Many economists, such as (Kirrchher J., & et al., 2017; Murray, A., & et al., 2015; Prieto-Sandoval V. & et al., 2018; Williams, 2013) have also highlighted the importance of practices in production and waste management, to provide a new business model and a new economic system, by linking economic activity to the extraction of natural resources and starting to introduce a way of thinking that uses waste efficiently and achieves economic optimization. Design/Methodology/Approach: We have clarified the recycling strategy for waste in Iraq based on the deductive and inductive approach, using descriptive analysis in order to study the recycling process of waste, and its relationship in promoting sustainable development in Iraq. Findings: Iraq is facing the problem of waste accumulation and worsening environmental pollution. The government should keep pace with the global development in the exploitation of waste as an economic resource and exploit it in the field of energy generation through the establishment of governmental and non-governmental projects specialized in the process of recycling waste, to achieve economic, social and environmental benefits, to achieve the dimensions of sustainable development in Iraq. Research, Practical & Social Implications: The practical implications include recommendations for economic policy makers to promote sustainable development by adopting measures that support waste recycling in Iraq, and encouraging investments in this process that enhances the environment and economic development. The study’s insights can help formulate economic policies that increase the sustainable development rates of bilateral resources and address environmental and economic challenges. Originality/Value: The originality and scientific value of the study lie in the comprehensive analysis of the role of waste recycling and its relationship to sustainable development in Iraq. It explores the areas of potential application of recycling and its levels in Iraq and provides practical recommendations to promote sustainable development. The study’s approach ensures a deductive analysis of the relationship between waste recycling and sustainable development.

This study examines the legal accountability of household waste management in Makassar City within the framework of Indonesian environmental law and its alignment with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and SDG 14 (Life Below Water). Employing a normative and empirical legal research approach, the study integrates primary data from legal instruments and field observations with secondary legal sources. The findings highlight that ineffective enforcement of criminal sanctions has contributed to the persistence of poor waste management practices. Instead, administrative sanctions, such as fines and corrective measures, have demonstrated greater effectiveness in ensuring compliance. Additionally, a lack of public awareness and inadequate waste segregation infrastructure further exacerbate waste management challenges. Data analysis from the National Waste Management Information System (SIPSN) for 2020 and 2021 reveals that nearly 41% of total waste in Indonesia remains unmanaged, while Makassar alone generates approximately 1,000 tons of waste per day. Given these challenges, this study advocates for the enhancement of legal enforcement mechanisms by prioritizing administrative over criminal sanctions, strengthening public participation, and integrating sustainable waste management policies. Comparative insights from countries with successful waste management strategies, such as Japan and Sweden, underscore the importance of policy coherence, stakeholder collaboration, and technological innovations. The study concludes that an effective regulatory framework, coupled with community engagement and structured law enforcement, is essential for achieving intergenerational sustainability and environmental protection in Indonesia.

Today when the amount of waste increases and its fractions vary, establishing the integrated waste management system based on recycling, reuse and re-circulation technologies in terms of stabilization, minimization and recycling of waste is a crucial issue to properly solve in the environmental protection in the case study city (Pyongyang), as urban poplluation, production and consumption increase. Therefore this paper conducted the analysis for the amount of waste generation per fraction, its trend and treatment in the case study city, which is one of the primary issue to rationally improve solid waste management and successfully perform strategic waste management planning. Based on the analysis for disposals of solid waste generated in the case city, 50.2% of total amount of waste is recycled and reused, 0.3% is incinerated and 49.5% is landfilled. Percentage of recycling and reuse of industrial waste is high with 76.3%, but for household waste is low with 26.5%.

Waste is a wasted or intentionally disposed material derived from the results of human and natural activities that do not have economic value. Pekanbaru city is one of the city that does not escape from garbage problem. The waste management of Pekanbaru City includes the final collection, collection, transportation, processing and disposal. Current waste management has not solved the problem optimally. The concept of waste management conducted by urban community Pekanbaru at this time mostly only tn the conte.xt of transporting waste from waste sources to landfills (FPA) which then will have an impact on the environment and health around the TPS are supported also with the behavior of people who are still mixing between dry waste and wet garbage. Type of research is done by qualitative approach with descriptive method Based on field facts with data collection techniques include observation, interviews, docwnentation studies related to research objectives. This research uses Hartono theory which mentions 5 stages of the applied process, namely prevent, reuse, recycle, capture energy and waste. The informant of this research is the administrative staff of Garbage Management Sector Pekanbaru City, Section Head of Solid Waste Management of Domestic Riau Province, and Chairman of Swadaya Masyarakat "Tarai Mandiri". For the purpose of this research is to analyze the waste management of Pekanbaru City and to know the factors - factors that influence waste management Pekanbaru City. The results of research conducted by researchers can be concluded that waste management Pekanbaru not yet maximal, this is based on the concept of waste management that is still not running optimally to change the old waste management concept to the new management concept using 3R concept (reduce, reuse and recycle) conducted by the government. This is influenced by the lack of public awareness and kuranngnya infrastructure facilities as a tool in the process of waste management

European waste policy aims at reducing the negative environmental impact associated with waste generation and management and to contribute to an overall reduction of the environmental impact of the use of resources. The Commission Communication on the Thematic Strategy on the Prevention and Recycling of Waste (COM (2005) 666) promotes life cycle thinking (LCT) in waste policies at European level and contains proposals to encourage and assist Member States in implementing this approach. This includes specific provisions in the accompanying proposal for a new Waste Framework Directive, as well as the preparation of guidance documents, in particular to the management of biodegradable waste that is diverted from landfill. In this context, the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre is conducting a project aimed at the development of European life cycle thinking guidelines for the management of waste. The present report is the first outcome of the project, focusing on biodegradable waste and presenting the results of an analysis of existing studies on the application of the life cycle approach to biowaste management and treatment options. In this report the main conclusions of the analysis are presented as a first step for the definition of the life cycle guidance document for biodegradable waste management. The analysis showed that for the management of biodegradable waste that is diverted from landfills, there is no single environmentally best option. The environmental assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the various biowaste management options is complex because they occur in different phases of the biowaste lifecycle, during collection, treatment and recycling, while contributing to different environmental effects, ranging from greenhouse effects, material depletion, acidification and toxicity for humans and ecosystems. The analysis equally highlights that the environmental balance of the various options available for the management of this waste depends on a number of local/regional factors, inter alia collection systems, waste composition and quality, climatic conditions, the potential of use of various waste derived products such as electricity, heat, methane-rich gas or compost. In particular, the positive environmental effects of recycling and energy recovery are related to the avoided products (e.g. electricity, fertilizers etc). These positive effects can exceed the environmental burdens of the waste collection and treatment, while further benefits can exist from waste prevention. Therefore the availability of options for recycling and energy recovery seems to be one of the most important factors that influences the total environmental performance of biowaste management and should be an important guiding principle for the development of European guidelines for the management of biowaste. Inventory of Existing Studies Applying Life Cycle Thinking to Biowaste Management 54 How to obtain EU publications Our priced publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu), where you can place an order with the sales agent of your choice. The Publications Office has a worldwide network of sales agents. You can obtain their contact details by sending a fax to (352) 29 29-42758. Inventory of Existing Studies Applying Life Cycle Thinking to Biowaste Management The mission of the JRC is to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies. As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union. Close to the policy-making process, it serves the common interest of the Member States, while being independent of special interests, whether private or national. LB -N A -2397-EN -C

The waste that enters the Jatibarang landfills does not go through the management and processing process in advance, and the people's laziness in sorting waste has resulted in an increase in waste at the Jatibarang landfills. Ngaliyan reduce, reuse, recycle (3R) waste management site is currently inactive due to a lack of implementation in aspects of waste management. Therefore, it is necessary to plan waste management as an effort to overcome urban waste by increasing performance at reduce, reuse, recycle (3R) waste management sites. Data collection methods used are sampling, interviews, and questionnaires. In this technical, operational planning of waste management, an area of reduce, reuse, recycle (3R) waste management site is required of 661 m2. Organic waste is processed through composting using the Open Windrow method, and inorganic waste is managed using the MRF (material recovery facility) method. The total cost required is IDR 11,135,856,300.00. The community is expected to be able to participate in waste processing and management through 3R-based sorting, comply with applicable regulations, and pay a retribution every month.

This study examines the impact of sustainable waste management on the quality of life of the inhabitants of Croatian island communities, focusing on how waste management practices contribute to sustainable tourism development. This study aims to provide policymakers and local stakeholders with insights into the implementation of effective waste management strategies that improve environmental protection and the well-being of residents. This research aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) by promoting sustainable waste management in island communities, SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) by encouraging waste reduction and recycling, and SDG 14 (Life Below Water). This study uses a survey-based quantitative research method, collecting data from 585 residents of the Kvarner islands using a structured questionnaire. The hypotheses are tested, and the relationships between waste management practices, quality of life, and sustainable tourism development are looked at using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). This study concludes that sustainable waste management, driven by the active participation of residents in waste separation and recycling, significantly increases the quality of life of residents and supports the sustainable development of tourism on the Kvarner islands. This study concludes that effective waste management supported by community participation is crucial for improving the quality of life of residents and promoting sustainable tourism on the Croatian islands. It emphasizes that integrating sustainable waste management practices into tourism development policies can conserve environmental resources and ensure the long-term well-being of communities.

This research examines the implementation of government policy on waste management in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan Province. The background of the study includes the importance of effective waste management to maintain environmental cleanliness and public health, as well as the challenges faced in implementing the policy. The research objectives are to evaluate the effectiveness of the waste management policy that has been implemented, identify the obstacles faced, and provide recommendations for policy improvement. The research method uses a qualitative approach with data collection through surveys to the community, interviews with 2 participants, namely waste management officers, and direct observation in the field, the data analysis technique in this study uses triangulation. The results showed that community participation was still low, the policies implemented were not effective, and there were obstacles in coordination between related agencies. Research recommendations include increasing the budget, human resource capacity, cross-sector coordination, and the adoption of more modern waste management technology. It is hoped that the results of this study can serve as a basis for improving waste management policies in Banjarbaru City and other cities facing similar problems. Keywords: Waste management, Government policies, Banjarbaru City

Аннотация: в данной статье отведена роль вопросам управления человеческими ресурсами посредством использования современных кадровых технологий. Определена значимость кадровой политики для повышения эффективности деятельности любой организации. Дана характеристика кадровым технологиям как средствам управления человеческими ресурсами. Они представляют собой последовательность этапов и шагов для достижения социальной и экономической заинтересованности работников в результатах своего труда, нацеливания их на грамотное и результативное выполнение своих обязанностей. Раскрыто содержание технологий управления человеческими ресурсами с точки зрения подхода руководителя. Определены основные требования, предъявляемые к кадровым технологиям. Особое внимание в статье уделяется характеристике современных кадровых технологий, дается их подробное описание и целесообразность применения в организациях. Выявлены также недостатки использования некоторых новых технологий. Доказана необходимость применения современных технологий управления человеческими ресурсами в организации. Цель:выявить преимущества и недостатки использования современных технологий управления человеческими ресурсами. Методы: для написания статьи и проведения исследования использовались методы наблюдения, анализа литературы и научных публикаций. Результаты: обоснована необходимость внедрения в организацию новых кадровых технологий. Вывод: в результате проведенного исследования предложены варианты современных технологий управления человеческими ресурсами, которые позволят не только удовлетворять социальные и экономические потребности персонала, но и определять выгоду организации с точки зрения эффективного использования человеческого капитала для достижения целей организации. Abstract: this article focuses on the issues of human resource management through the use of modern human resources technologies. The importance of personnel policy for improving the efficiency of any organization is determined. The characteristic of HR technologies as means of human resource management is given. They represent a sequence of stages and steps to achieve the social and economic interest of employees in the results of their work, aiming them at the competent and effective performance of their duties. The content of human resource management technologies is revealed from the point of view of the manager's approach. The main requirements for personnel technologies are defined. Special attention is paid in the article to the characteristics of modern HR technologies, their detailed description and expediency of application in organizations are given. Disadvantages of using some new technologies have also been identified. The necessity of using modern human resource management technologies in the organization is proved. Objective: to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using modern human resource management technologies. Methods: methods of observation, analysis of literature and scientific publications were used to write the article and conduct the research. Results: the necessity of introducing new personnel technologies into the organization is substantiated. Conclusion: as a result of the conducted research, options for modern human resource management technologies are proposed that will not only meet the social and economic needs of personnel, but also determine the benefits of the organization in terms of effective use of human capital to achieve the goals of the organization.

IntroductionSource segregation and recycling of waste are crucial components of sustainable solid waste management. They receive little attention due to lack of political interest and institutional capacity, weak regulatory frameworks and enforcement, lack of economic incentives and low priority in planning. A complex economic system is involved in waste management in the global South, along with an informal sector that collects and recycles valuable materials. Rather than searching for solutions to improve collection and disposal services, this study uses a political ecology approach to understand how political economy influences and controls municipal solid waste management practices on the ground focusing on source segregation and recycling and how power relations influence how waste is handled, disposed of, and recycled. Dhaka’s waste governance regime emphasizes waste-to-energy generation without considering source segregation and recycling. Waste governance wants to benefit from informal waste collection and recycling without integrating them into policy frameworks, even though they have high resource recovery potential. The paper asks why, despite the potential to implement the 3R strategy by source segregation and promote sustainable waste management, the government opted for a centralized mechanical solution (incineration) for handling waste.MethodsThis study uses qualitative social research techniques to investigate a contemporary city-scale case study. The data collection techniques consisted of interviews with key stakeholders, focus group discussions, field observations and document reviews in Dhaka, Bangladesh between July and September 2022.ResultsThe city authorities are interested in incineration technology due to the scarcity of land and the difficulty of obtaining it, while the existing dump sites are overflowing. Incineration technology can help city authorities avoid acquiring land by reducing their waste disposal footprint. City authorities perceive segregated waste collection as an additional burden because they lack the institutional and financial capacity to develop reliable separate waste collection systems. Additionally, high-level politicians have used images of incineration technologies to support modernist ideas about national development by emphasizing a centralized mechanical waste management system. On the other hand, international investors are interested in investing in technology and finance for incineration. In addition, city authorities believe composting and recycling on a small scale are not effective at managing the city’s large volumes of waste. It is likely that the new waste policy intervention (incineration) in Dhaka will lead to conflict over resources if city authorities do not properly recognize the existing waste infrastructures and informal recycling sector.DiscussionUsing the political ecology approach, the study examines why the government is less interested in implementing the 3R strategy (reduce, reuse, recycle) by segregating waste at the source level through the use of existing waste infrastructure rather than promoting centralized mechanical solutions. The city authorities are not interested in source segregation due to lack of institutional and financial capacity. The government needs to provide incentives for household source segregation and primary waste collection. City authorities are not interested in supporting incentives for source separation or waste recycling due to lack of financial capacity and political risk. Source segregation is essential for reducing waste volume and promoting sustainable resource recovery. Effective and sustainable waste management in the global South requires an integrated formal and informal approach to enhance source segregation and resource recovery. The study provides an evidence-based understanding of political ecology’s influence on MSW management practices, policy interventions and decision-making processes and offers insight into how to support effective 3R strategy implementation, facilitate policymaking, and contribute to additional knowledge for other megacities in the global South that face similar challenges.