Abstract
In late December 2019, a series of acute atypical respiratory disease occurred in Wuhan, China, which rapidly spread to other areas worldwide. It was soon discovered that a novel coronavirus was responsible, named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, 2019-nCoV). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the population’s health is unprecedented in recent years and the impact on a social level even more so. The COVID-19 pandemic is the most large-scale pandemic on earth this century, and the impact in all life sectors is devasting and directly affected human activity in the first wave. The impact on the economy, social care systems, and human relationships is causing an unprecedented global crisis. SARS-CoV-2 has a strong direct acute impact on population health, not only at the physiological level but also at the psychological level for those who suffer it, those close to them, and the general population, who suffer from the social consequences of the pandemic. In this line, the economic recession increased, even more, the social imbalance and inequity, hitting the most vulnerable families, and creating a difficult context for public institutions to address. We are facing one of the greatest challenges of social intervention, which requires fast, effective, and well-coordinated responses from public institutions, the private sector, and non-governmental organizations to serve an increasingly hopeless population with increasingly urgent needs. Long-term legislation is necessary to reduce the vulnerability of the less fortunate, as well as to analyze the societal response to improve the social organization management of available resources. Therefore, in this scoping review, a consensus and critical review were performed using both primary sources, such as scientific articles, and secondary ones, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. The main search engines were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The method was a narrative literature review of the available literature. The aim was to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on population health, where the possible interventions at the health level are discussed, the impact in economic and social areas, and the government and health systems interventions in the pandemic, and finally, possible economic models for the recovery of the crisis are proposed.
Highlights
In late December 2019, a series of atypical acute respiratory events occurred in Wuhan, China, which rapidly spread to other areas worldwide
It is important to note that the economic consequences of this pandemic were profound, hitting the public health systems hard and devastating sectors of great importance to the economy of these African countries, such as tourism, causing high levels of unemployment and poverty, similar effects to those already being suffered in many areas of the planet because of the impact of COVID-19 [127]
At the Online Ministerial Meeting that took place on 3 September 2020, between some of the ministers and high-level officials of the signatory Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the European Commission on behalf of the European Union (EU), an agreement was reached to implement a recovery plan based on various measures: shortterm emergency measures to face the most immediate shocks of the pandemic, mediumterm socio-economic measures to focus on the environment, and long-term measures to redesign a more sustainable and more resilient economic system
Summary
In late December 2019, a series of atypical acute respiratory events occurred in Wuhan, China, which rapidly spread to other areas worldwide. It was soon discovered that a novel coronavirus was responsible, named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. (SARS-CoV-2, 2019-nCoV) due to its high homology (~80%) to SARS-CoV, which caused acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and high mortality during 2002–2003 [1]. Further on, it was designated as COVID-19, and considered as a pandemic by the World. We conducted the present review with the aim to analyze the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on population health, and the possible interventions at the health level are discussed, the impact in economic and social areas, and the government and health systems interventions in the pandemic, and possible economic models for the recovery of the crisis are proposed
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