The Impact of Ramadan on the Income of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Batang Kuis District

The aspects of the problem studied by the author are regarding the influence of celebrity endorsements, online marketing, and the existence of online motorcycle taxis on the income of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Panyabungan, Mandailing Natal Regency. The purpose of this study was conducted to determine the effect of celebrity endorsements, online marketing, and the existence of online motorcycle taxis on the income of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Panyabungan, Mandailing Natal Regency. The data analysis technique used is the quantitative method. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires and the results of the questionnaires were received back for processing. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20. The results of the study based on the t test showed that celebrity endorsements had no significant effect on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) income, online marketing had a significant effect on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) income, and the presence of online motorcycle taxis had no effect. significantly to the income of Muslim Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), and the results of research based on the F test show that celebrity endorsements, online marketing, and the existence of online motorcycle taxis simultaneously have a significant effect on the income of Muslim Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) with a coefficient of determination of 61, 2%. The results of statistical tests show that there is an influence of celebrity endorsements, online marketing, and the existence of online motorcycle taxis on the income of Muslim Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Panyabungan, Mandailing Natal Regency.

This study examines the financial management of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia and Malaysia which are the drivers of the economy in both countries, but this sector has not been able to become an independent sector and become the foundation of the national economy in both countries. The problem is that financial management in Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) ignores the importance of financial management standards, the problem is that poor financial management makes Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) insignificant in advancing the economy. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. Data were obtained from MSME actors by distributing questionnaires and interviews. The results of this study indicate that MSME financial management in Indonesia is not as good as Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Malaysia, meaning that Malaysia has better MSME management, this can be seen from various research indicators, namely: planning indicators, budget use, recording, reporting and controlling. Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia and Malaysia when compared to Indonesian Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) do not have good planning, have not carried out standard records, standardized reporting, are not concerned with standard financial statements, balance sheets, profit and loss, cash flow, do not have or install systems in their business units, such as control of systems and procedures, billing records of sales notes, it is very clear that Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia have not done so. Meanwhile, from the other side, when compared to Indonesian MSME respondents, the level is very small, more so for micro cart businesses, small shops that are not in the form of their own buildings, the context is very small. In Malaysia, micro, small and medium enterprises are not comparable to the conditions in Indonesia, while in Malaysia, the Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) already have a more appropriate place. Thus, it is easier for Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Malaysia to get banking support, while Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia are still difficult to upgrade and are still difficult to enter the bank compared to Malaysia.

This study aims to determine the influence and analysis of local government policy strategies on increasing production capacity, employment, and increasing income of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Buol district. This study uses a quantitative research design with correlation inferential statistics. Data sources are primary and secondary data, namely data obtained from observations, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. In this study 102 respondents as a sample of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Buol District. The data analysis technique used is a multiple linear regression model. From the results of the research and discussion of the data analysis that has been carried out, it is known that the local government's policy strategies have an effect on increasing the production capacity of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). further Government policy strategies affect the employment of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Furthermore, the government's policy strategy has an effect on increasing the income of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Furthermore, the increase in production capacity will affect the employment of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). and Increasing production capacity affects the income of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).

The dynamics of urban development coupled with economic growth have contributed positively to the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Optimizing the utilization and strengthening of the capacity of SMEs’ human resources will encourage increased productivity of economic enterprises and the sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This study aims to analyze (1) strengthening the capacity of human resources (HR) of small and medium enterprises to work as a determinant of increasing the productivity of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and labor absorption; (2) the effect of strengthening the capacity of human resources (HR), business productivity, technology utilization, and business diversification on the sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs); and (3) optimizing the role of government in supporting business development, increasing productivity, business stability and sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This study uses a sequential explanatory design approach. Data were obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, surveys, and documentation. Qualitative analysis in this study was carried out through a process of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, while the quantitative analysis in this study uses quantitative descriptive analysis, correlation, and multiple regression. The results showed that strengthening the capacity of human resources, coupled with the use of technology, and followed by diversification of business, had a positive contribution to increasing the productivity of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Furthermore, strengthening human resource capacity, business productivity, technology utilization, and business diversification simultaneously have a positive and significant correlation to the sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with a determination coefficient of 72.3%. This study recommends that government policy support through strengthening human resource capacity, increasing business productivity, technology utilization, and business diversification have an impact on the sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Makassar City, Indonesia.

The reality shows that Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a very important role in economic growth. Even MSMEs are the only micro institutions that have not been shaken by the monetary crisis that began in 1988. However, as one of the mainstay sectors of society, especially the lower-middle-class economic community, the role of MSMEs has not been maximized, so they have not been able to compete fully and, even worse, many MSMEs have gone out of business or are inactive. Many factors cause the inability of SMEs to compete, among others, due to low innovation and competitiveness, so they have not been able to win competition both in the national and international spheres. The decrease in the number of MSMEs from active to inactive is because these MSMEs are less able to survive in an increasingly fierce competition arena. Only MSMEs that survive are MSMEs that have creations and innovations according to the community’s needs. The inability to create creations and innovations is suspected that most MSME actors have a personality that lacks confidence due to their low managerial ability. If MSME actors have an Internal Locus of Control and high managerial abilities, MSME actors will be more creative and innovative. This research uses a qualitative and quantitative descriptive approach descriptively and inferentially to analyze the LoC on the competitiveness of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Pangkalpinang City with a total sample of 50 MSMEs. The analytical tool used in this research is to use a Likert scale scoring. Multiple linear regression is performed with the competitiveness of MSMEs as the dependent variable and LoC as the independent variable. The research results stated that the Internal Locus of Control (ILoC) of MSME actors in Pangkalpinang City was higher than External Locus of Control (ELoC) and Locus of Control had a significant and positive influence on the competitiveness of MSMEs in Pangkalpinang City.

This research is motivated by the rapid flow of globalization which makes the development of technology towards digital technology increasingly rapid. This is an opportunity that business actors can take advantage of to penetrate the digital marketing market. This research aims to determine the role of digital marketing in increasing the income of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Madaprama Village, Gerung District, West Lombok Regency and to understand the obstacles and benefits of implementing digital marketing for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) actors. in Dasan Tapen Village, Gerung District, West Lombok Regency. To reveal this problem, this research uses a type of qualitative research which is useful for providing facts and data regarding the use of digital marketing to increase MSME income. From the research results, it was found that digital marketing played a role in increasing the income of MSMEs in Madaprama Village, Woja District, West Dompu Regency, this was proven by an increase in income of 33% to 59%.

This study aims to determine the Determinants of the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Barru Regency. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach and the type of research conducted is survey research. The population used is Small and Medium Enterprises in the manufacturing industry sector in Barru Regency, which is 1672 business units. The number of samples is 94 small and medium enterprises. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Analysis of the data used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the aspects of finance, environment, marketing, human resources, entrepreneurial ability and economic aspects have a positive and significant effect on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Barru Regency. The greater the equity, loan capital, the level of profits and capital accumulation, the greater the performance of small and medium enterprises. The better the technology and quality control, the availability of business places, government policies, seasons and infrastructure, the better the performance of small and medium enterprises. The more market demand, the better competing pricing, promotion, distribution channels and marketing areas, the better the performance of small and medium enterprises. The better the level of formal education, leadership, experience in business and the amount of motivation and skills in the performance of small and medium enterprises. The greater the desire for achievement, personal responsibility, management ability and innovation ability, the better the performance of small and medium enterprises. the higher the level of income of the community, the availability of jobs, a business climate and good investment and the better the economic growth, the better the performance of small and medium enterprises.

Orientation: This study explored the composite business success index (CBSI), a novel framework designed to enhance small and medium enterprise (SME) competitiveness in South Africa by integrating financial and cultural metrics. Research purpose: The aim was to introduce CBSI as a tool for assessing small and medium enterprise performance, combining financial indicators like the cash conversion cycle (CCC) and Altman Z-score with cultural metrics such as the Configurational Accuracy Score for a more holistic evaluation. Motivation for the study: Small and medium enterprises in South Africa face significant challenges, including financial instability and misalignment of organisational culture. Existing performance models often fail to address these non-financial factors, which CBSI integrates into one evaluative tool to improve both financial health and cultural alignment. Research design, approach and method: A pragmatist research approach integrated quantitative and qualitative methodologies, including financial data from small and medium enterprise statements, semi-structured interviews with small and medium enterprise owners and experts and questionnaires to collect cultural data for insight into the role of culture in small and medium enterprise success. Main findings: Composite Business Success Index proved effective in predicting small and medium enterprise performance. Higher CBSI scores (> 0.65) were associated with successful small and medium enterprises, while lower scores (< 0.50) indicated areas for improvement, highlighting the link between financial stability and organisational alignment. Practical/managerial implications: The CBSI offers small and medium enterprise leaders actionable insights for enhancing financial performance and organisational culture, boosting competitiveness and long-term sustainability. Contribution/value-add: By integrating both financial and cultural metrics into a single framework, the CBSI provides a novel tool for assessing and developing small and medium enterprise performance for the small and medium enterprise managers.

This thesis examines the activities of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in conducting business, the challenges faced by MSMEs in business development, and the forms of collaborative governance implemented in MSMEs in Pananrang Village. This is based on the decline in MSME development and the importance of collaborative governance in MSME development. The main issues in this research are (1) How do MSME actors conduct business? (2) What challenges did MSMEs face in developing their businesses? (3) How was collaborative governance implemented in MSMEs in Pananrang Village?The research method used is qualitative research with a case study approach. The data sources are MSME actors and the Cooperative and Small and Medium Enterprises Agency, as well as the Investment and Integrated One-Stop Service Agency. Data collection tools include interview guidelines, and data collection techniques involve observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity is tested using triangulation techniques.Research findings: (1) MSME actors in Pananrang Village are classified as micro-businesses with a maximum income of Rp200,000,000 per year. In Pananrang Village, there were 47 businesses, but only 4 types of businesses were based on collaborative governance. (2) The challenges faced by MSME actors in developing their businesses included: (a) Quantity and quality of Human Resources (HR) were insufficient, (b) Limited technology and lack of innovation in products, (c) Marketing management did not meet operational standards and lacked business partners, and (d) Lack of capital for business development. (3) Collaborative governance was carried out by the Cooperative and Small and Medium Enterprises Agency through programs such as (a) Coaching, providing material on how to develop a business, (b) Assistance in finding business partners for MSMEs, (c) Financial assistance, providing capital for business development, and (d) Creating a business climate, providing quick and free business permits for MSMEs. Meanwhile, the Investment and Integrated One-Stop Service Agency had the Close Relations program, which included one-day seminars on business development and financial support for MSMEs in Pinrang Regency. The analysis results showed business development for MSMEs for those who followed collaborative governance procedures. Keywords: Collaborative Governance, Development, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)

This study aims to determine the effect of the post-covid-19 pandemic, financial literacy, entrepreneurial characteristics on MSME income. This study uses a quantitative approach to the type of correlation research. The population of the entire community in the Blimbing sub-district is 3589 and a sample of 45 MSME actors from the entire population in the Blimbing sub-district uses a sampling technique using the slovin formula. Questionnaire data collection techniques. The method of analysis of this research was carried out using multiple linear regression. The results of this study partially (T test) show that post-pandemic covid-19 has a positive effect on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) income. This is evidenced by Tcount > Ttable, which is 6.065 > 1.679 and a significant value is less than 0.05, namely 0.001 < 0.05. Financial literacy has a positive effect on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) income, this is evidenced by Tcount > Ttable, namely 2.157 > 1.679 and a significant value less than 0.05, namely 0.005 <0.05 and entrepreneurial characteristics have a positive effect on Micro Business Income Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) this is evidenced by Tcount > Ttable, namely 2.087 > 1.679 and a significant value less than 0.05, namely 0.045 <0.05. Simultaneously the variables influence Entrepreneurial Characteristics, Business Capital and Marketing Strategy simultaneously influence the development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This result is evidenced by Fcount 36.555 > Ftable 2.83 and a significant value of 0.001 <0.05.
 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pasca pandemi covid-19, literasi keuangan, karateristik wirausaha terhadap pendapatan UMKM. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian kolerasi. Populasi seluruh masyarakat di kecamatan Blimbing yang berjumlah 3589 dan sampel 45 pelaku UMKM dari keseluruhan populasi di Kecamatan Blimbing dengan mengunakan teknik pengambilan sampel dengan mengunakan rumus slovin. Teknik pengumpulan data kuesioner. Metode analisis penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini secara parsial (uji T) menunjukkan pasca pandemi covid-19 berpengaruh positif terhadap Pendapatan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) hal ini dibuktikan dengan Thitung > Ttabel yaitu 6,065 > 1,679 dan nilai signifikan lebih kecil dari 0,05 yaitu 0,001 < 0,05. Literasi keuangan berpengaruh positif terhadap Terhadap Pendapatan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) hal ini dibuktikan dengan Thitung > Ttabel yaitu 2,157 > 1,679 dan nilai signifikan lebih kecil dari 0,05 yaitu 0,005 < 0,05 dan karakteristik wirausaha berpengaruh positif terhadap Pendapatan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) hal ini dibuktikan dengan Thitung > Ttabel yaitu 2,087 > 1,679 dan nilai signifikan lebih kecil dari 0,05 yaitu 0,045 < 0,05. Secara simultan variabel Pengaruh Karakteristik Wirausaha, Modal Usaha dan Strategi Pemasaran berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap Perkembangan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) hasil ini dibuktikan dengan Fhitung 36,555 > Ftabel 2,83 dan nilai signifikan 0,001 < 0,05.

Research aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the credit distribution level used as working capital assistance for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study used a sample of 8 cities/regencies in East Java. Meanwhile, the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) credit recipients were the population of the sample areas. This research's analysis model was panel data regression (generalized least square) by considering the emergence of heteroscedasticity in cross-section data between regional objects. The control variables outside the COVID-19 were the BI rate, third-party funds (TPF), and inflation.Research findings: This study’s results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant negative impact only on medium-sized business loans, while micro and small business loans are more resilient. Besides, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) credit was significantly positively influenced by TPF; inflation did not affect credit; the BI rate only negatively affected medium-sized business credit.Theoretical contribution/Originality: Studies on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) credit-related to economic phenomena and monetary policy have been widely carried out. However, the catastrophic virus that causes long-term economic uncertainty and impacts banks and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) still requires in-depth study. Also, this study employed the GLS model that considers heteroscedasticity, which is still rarely used in previous studies.Practitioner/Policy implication: This research can be essential information for the Indonesian Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan or OJK) and Bank Indonesia (BI) in policymaking, both regulatory aspects and bank liquidity provision, in stimulating Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) credit, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic era.Research limitation/implication: The impact of COVID-19 on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) loans is still classified based on micro, small and medium. It is still not grouped based on the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) business sector in various cities and regencies in East Java. The analysis has not been clustered based on the spatial concentration of the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) recipient areas.

Marketing strategy holds a very important control in the success of product acceptance in the community, but many Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) ignore this. Labels and packaging are one of the keys for Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) to further increase the selling value of their products. Empowerment activities to improve the quality of Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) are carried out through assistance in making labels on packaged products. The object of this activity is Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) actors in Besuk Village, Bantaran District, and Probolinggo Regency. One of the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) products in this village is banana chips, cassava chips, elephant ears, and lard. The problem with these Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) is the low quality of label and packaging designs for their products, as well as the lack of supporting facilities and infrastructure for designing product packaging labels. So that the products of Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) partners are less attractive than similar competitor products. The Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) products in Besuk Village it self also do not have a broad market share, so they are constrained in increasing the number of products that will be produced. Implementation methods used include: 1) pre-activity; 2) core activities; 3) activity evaluation. Where the problem solving of the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) constraints above is in the form of assisting in making labels on packaged products so that they can meet the existing label requirements and also look more attractive. The results of the activity are in the form of training on the manufacture of product packaging labels as well as the manufacture of ready to use designs for these Small and Medium Enterprise (SME).

Green management behavioral is quite pertinent to enhance small and medium enterprises economic green performance. Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) need to adopt environmental paradigms in order to reach the economic green performance. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between green management and competitive advantage strategies for increasing green economic performance MSMEs in Central Java Province. The population of this study was MSMEs in Central Java. This study was quantitative analysis. The analytical tool in this study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with warp PLS program applications. The results showed that MSMEs that implement green management in their business operations can improve company performance through the ability to compete with these MSMEs. MSMEs could be implementing Green management activities by producing environmentally friendly products, campaigning for environmentally friendly movements, investing capital in environmentally friendly businesses and allocating costs for waste treatment, implementing quality standards that are environmentally friendly in the production process. The better MSMEs in implementing green management, the better MSMEs in competing in the industry, which will improve the company’s green performance such as getting financial benefits from managing environmentally friendly businesses, getting bonuses in the form of prizes from private/government institutions for implementing environmentally friendly businesses, get bonuses in the form of tax rate relief from the government, get bonuses in the form of soft loans from private/government institutions as well as increased sales of MSME products due to applying environmentally friendly businesses. Thus, the application of environmentally sound business management (green business management) needs to be developed among MSMEs players. This is because MSMEs can not only increase additional income, but MSMEs can also participate in preserving the environment.

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