The impact of mindfulness on work attitudes: the mediating role of psychological capital

Purpose: The volatile socioeconomic conditions that prevail in Greece, significantly affect the healthcare sector. The match of employees’ and organizational values is considered as the critical factor in determining the level of employees’ work attitudes, such as work engagement, job satisfaction, and job burnout. The more employees accept the organization’s values and beliefs, assumptions, the stronger the Organizational Culture is, and the more influence has on the employees’ work attitudes. Thus, Organizational Culture is recognized to be the essential tool to shape the employee’s behavior and work attitudes. This paper aims to explore the Organizational Culture that prevails on Hospitals in Greece and at what extent the organizational culture is related to employees' working attitudes as work engagement, job satisfaction and job burnout. It also analyses these elements of the Greek hospital culture that cause negative affect to employees' working attitudes and how this may change. Method: This study collected data from public healthcare organizations, using questionnaires which are reliable from other researches in order to verify the results. These questionnaires were used to examine the culture of the hospitals in Greece that prevails and at what extent this culture affects employees' working attitudes. It is analyzed the correlation between the variables by using the structural equation model SEM. Findings: In the specific research our results support that Organizational Culture cannot predict employees’ Work Engagement and Job Satisfaction. Organizational Culture significantly influences the level of employees’Job Burnout. From the SEM analysis, we indicate a good fit of the hypothesized model. The type of Organizational Culture that prevails in the Health sector in Greece is the Hierarchic type. Originality: This research emerges the importance of organizational culture and at what extent affects employees' working attitudes. It reveals which is the prevailing culture of the hospitals in Greece in the public sector. Also, it shows the specific characteristics of the culture that can be improved in order to affect positively employees' working attitudes.

In recent years, work engagement has attracted a lot of attention among practitioners and researchers in India. Against the backdrop of resource conservation, this study attempts to examine and understand the role of work engagement in mediating the relationship between job, personal resources and work related outcomes. This research is significant due to the growing importance of work engagement in the business world today and the lack of relevant literature in the Indian context. With a total sample of more than 200 middle and senior level executives, the findings of this study show a strong relationship between job, personal resources, job satisfaction, affective commitment and turnover. Work engagement was found to be a mediator between job and personal resources, which has an impact on employees’ work attitudes. The findings of this study, therefore, have profound implications for researchers as well as for the practicing managers who need to understand the importance of an enabling work environment ...

The main purpose of this quantitative relational research is to test the theoretical framework within the structural equation model that if the perceived supervisor support affects the perception of school effectiveness, engagement to work, job satisfaction, and organizational cynical attitude. The sub-purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between teachers' perceptions of these variables. Within the scope of the research, a structural equation model was established by using the AMOS-25 package program with the data collected from 438 teachers. Before constructing the structural equation model, confirmatory factor analysis was performed and the measurement models for the scales used were verified. Fit index values of the measurement models were found to be acceptable, therefore total score was taken for each scale. “Perceived supervisor support” was determined as independent variable and “perceived school effectiveness, engagement to work, job satisfaction and organizational cynical attitude” were determined as dependent variables and direct effect values of independent variable on dependent variables were examined. Before establishing the structural equation model, multiple normal distributions of the scales were examined and “maximum likelihood” was chosen as the parameter estimation method in order to ensure the normal distribution assumption. The established structural equation model is verified and it was concluded that perceived supervisor support significantly predicted school effectiveness perception, work engagement, job satisfaction and organizational cynical attitude. It was also found that there were negative levels of negative relationships between teachers' organizational cynical attitude and perceived supervisor support, school effectiveness perception, work engagement and job satisfaction.

Background and Purpose: Our research examines the impact of work-life balance on work engagement, both direct impact as well as through job and life satisfaction. The main aim of our research is to empirically test relations between work-life balance, job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and work engagement among higher education lecturers from Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Serbia, and Slovenia. Methods: Using validated questionnaires, we collected data on work-life balance, job satisfaction, life satisfaction and their work engagement. The quantitative data for our analysis were collected through a survey of 164 online participants. Based on an extensive literature review, we have formulated five hypotheses, which we tested in one structural model by using structural equation modelling (SEM). Results: Our findings show that an increase in work-life balance positively relates to life and work satisfaction and that life satisfaction leads to an increase in work engagement. Conclusion: The knowledge of important impact of work-life balance, together with the understanding of the relations between the researched constructs of work-life balance, life satisfaction, job satisfaction and work engagement, can strengthen teachers’ work engagement by respecting employees as actors in other roles and supporting work-family balance in the form of family-friendly policies and practices, and thereby contributes to the area of employee’s behaviour and improves the teacher’s productivity.

Surgeons' work engagement: Influencing factors and relations to job and life satisfaction

In order to positively influence the levels of employee job satisfaction and create work engagement, organisations need to ensure that employee relations are harmonious and strategically designed. Job satisfaction has been identified as a strategic tool for organisational success and sustainability. To date, no studies have investigated the influence of job satisfaction on employee relations and work engagement in a military setting in South Africa. The research design of this study was quantitative, utilising a structured, self-administered questionnaire. The responses were extrapolated and analysed. The questionnaire was distributed to 618 members of the targeted population of 13 741 personnel in the South African Army Formation. The response rate was 56.8% (N = 349). A 5-point Likert-scale comprising 67 questions was used to collect the data. The statistical analysis used structural equation modelling and revealed that the questionnaire had a relatively high internal validity and reliability. A key outcome was a validated framework for improving work engagement through employee relations and job satisfaction in the military. The themes and sub-themes that emerged concerned employee relations, job satisfaction and work engagement. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge regarding human resource management, particularly employee relations, job satisfaction and work engagement. Further, the study demonstrated that there was generally a linkage between job satisfaction, employee relations and work engagement among the population under study. The limitation of the study was that the generalisability of the results across the entire military and other sectors is not feasible. It was recommended that management put strategies in place to ensure that job satisfaction is enhanced and maintained so that it can positively contribute to high levels of employee relations and work engagement.

Purpose –In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effect of work engagement on the intention to leave and the mediating role of job satisfaction in this relationship. Design/methodology/approach – The relational survey model, one of the quantitative research designs, was used in the study. The data of the survey was provided by questionnaire from 203 teachers from different private schools. In the study, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-UWES developed by Schaufeli et al. (2002) for work engagement and The Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale developed by Weiss et al. (1967) was used for job satisfaction. In order to measure the intention to leave, the expressions obtained from the Michigan Organizational Evaluation Scale developed by Cammann et al. (1979) by adapting two items related to the subject into Turkish by Toy Aray (2008) were used. Structural equation modeling has been used in testing research hypotheses. Findings – The findings obtained in the study support Hypothesis 1, which indicates that work engagement has a significant effect on the intention to leave, and Hypothesis 2, which states that work engagement has a significant and positive effect on job satisfaction. In addition, the findings also support Hypothesis 3, which states that job satisfaction has a significant and negative effect on the intention to leave. In addition, Hypothesis 4, which states that job satisfaction has a mediating effect between work engagement and intention to leave, is also supported. Discussion – It has been observed that all the findings obtained in the study are consistent with previous studies in the literature. Teachers' work engagement affects their intention to leave negatively and their job satisfaction positively. Teachers' job satisfaction negatively affects their intention to leave. On the other hand, job satisfaction has been seen to play a full mediating role between work engagement and intention to leave. Especially private schools, which aim to retain their highly qualified and talented teachers, go through some regulations that increase the level of work engagement for their teachers, which will positively affect their job satisfaction and allow them to move away from the intention to leave. This study is among the pioneering studies in the literature in terms of investigating the mediating role of job satisfaction between work engagement and intention to leave.

To test the relationship between patient-related stressor, psychological distress, work engagement and outcomes (job satisfaction and recovery attitude) among psychiatric nurses in Japan. Specifically, we tested the following hypotheses: psychological distress mediates the relationship between patient-related stressor and outcomes and work engagement moderates the direct and indirect effects of patient-related stressor on outcomes. Cross-sectional study. In total, 446 psychiatric nurses in Japan responded to a self-reported questionnaire between August and October 2018. Data on demographics, patient-related stressor, job satisfaction, recovery attitude, psychological distress and work engagement were collected, followed by a moderated mediation analysis using hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling (SEM). Regression analysis indicated that psychological distress mediated the negative relationship between patient-related stressor and job satisfaction and that work engagement moderated the direct and indirect effects of patient-related stressor on job satisfaction. In particular, the higher the work engagement, the higher the indirect effect, but the lower the direct effect. Additionally, no mediation of psychological distress and moderation of work engagement was observed in the relationship between patient-related stressor and recovery attitude; however, work engagement directly increased recovery attitude. Results of the SEM test showed a satisfactory fit of the final model. Work engagement facilitates recovery attitude and increases the indirect effect of patient-related stressor on job satisfaction through psychological distress. However, work engagement decreases the direct effect not mediated by psychological distress. This study addresses an essential topic, that is, psychiatric nurse job outcomes (job satisfaction and recovery attitude) are negatively influenced by patient-related stressor. Work engagement has multiple beneficial effects on outcomes as both a facilitator and moderator; thus, programs that improve work engagement are useful for psychiatric nurses. Furthermore, programs may be enhanced considering that work engagement decreases the direct effect of patient-related stressor on job satisfaction.

The increase in remote working has changed the way both employees and organizations view work in an already tumultuous landscape of the IT sector. In this study, we surveyed Finnish employees (n = 266) from an international IT sector company in 2022 after the remote working mandates were lifted. We firstly examined how remote working intensity (RWI) was associated with informal workplace learning, basic psychological needs satisfaction (BPNS, including autonomy, competence, and relatedness), work engagement, job satisfaction, and turnover intention (RQ1). Second, we investigated using structural equation modeling (SEM) how informal workplace learning, BPNS, and RWI were associated with work engagement and well-being outcomes (job satisfaction, and turnover intention) (RQ2). Finally, we wanted to know whether work engagement mediated the previous relationships (RQ3). Results for RQ1 were generally against our expectations as RWI was associated only with relatedness satisfaction (negatively). SEM results (RQ2) generally matched our expectations as autonomy and relatedness satisfaction, and work engagement were positively related to job satisfaction and negatively to turnover intention. Furthermore, work engagement was a positive mediator for the relationships of informal workplace learning and outcomes, and autonomy and outcomes (RQ3). Informal learning was thus interestingly related to job satisfaction and turnover intention but only via work engagement. The results imply that RWI is not distinctly beneficial or detrimental for learning and well-being at work, however, having some office days per week supports relatedness satisfaction, which in turn relates to positive work outcomes. Furthermore, high work engagement can allow informal learning activities to positively influence work well-being.

The associations among nurse work engagement, job satisfaction, quality of care, and intent to leave: A national survey in the United States

Purpose– To date, work engagement has been the domain of academics whilst organisation engagement has been the focus of practice. The purpose of this paper is to address the growing divide by exploring the construct clarity and discriminant validity of work and organisation engagement simultaneously, providing insight into how these constructs relate empirically, as well as investigating the nomological network of each.Design/methodology/approach– Empirical data were collected through online surveys from 298 employees in two multinational companies. Respondents were primarily managerial and professional employees. The survey included measures of work and organisation engagement, as well as work outcomes and organisation performance.Findings– The findings indicate that work and organisation engagement are distinct constructs, and have differential relationships with important employee outcomes (commitment, organisational citizenship behaviour, initiative, active learning, job satisfaction), and organisational performance.Practical implications– The findings provide opportunities for practitioners to explore the potentially unique ways in which different types of engagement may add value to jobs and organisations.Originality/value– The study takes important steps in bridging the academic/practitioner divide: the paper clearly demonstrates how the two concepts of work and organisation engagement relate to and complement each other as useful constructs for research and practice.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine and understand the role of person-organisation (P-O) fit in mediating the relationship between job resources and work-related outcomes. The need to study the antecedents of P-O fit, dearth of its literature in India, and growing importance of ensuring congruence between the environment and the individual in a diverse workplace, to recruit and retain the employees, underlines the significance of this research. In addition to the mediating role of P-O fit, it was hypothesised that co-worker support and decision latitude will lead to an increase in P-O fit and, in turn, be positively related to work engagement (WE), job satisfaction (JS) and organisational commitment (OC).Design/methodology/approachTwo-phased time-lagged data were collected from a total sample of 213 middle- and senior-level executives working in India. The data consisted of a self-report questionnaire on skill discretion, decision authority and co-worker support in Phase 1 and P-O fit, WE, OC and JS scales in Phase 2.FindingsStructural equation modelling was simultaneously used to test the hypothesised relationships. It emerged that co-worker support and skill discretion positively correlated with P-O fit. It was found that P-O fit mediated the relationship between co-worker support and JS and OC. It also established partial mediation between co-worker support and WE, and between skill discretion and JS, organisational commitment and WE. The findings of this study, therefore, have profound implications for researchers as well as for practicing managers highlighting the need for a better job design and creating a supportive work environment.Research limitations/implicationsThough the data were collected in two phases, the study design went through a time lag of four weeks, and thereby provided tests of association and not of robust causal relationships. A longitudinal design could be adopted for future research, to enable making inferences about the causal nature of these relationships. The second limitation of the study is its reliance on self- reports as the single source of data.Originality/valueThis is the first study to examine job resources as antecedents of P-O fit using a supplementary fit argument. Further, very few studies have explored P-O fit as a mediating variable and less than 2 per cent of published papers on P-O fit have been studied in the Indian context. Practitioners can employ findings to create interventions to generate more positive organisational outcomes.

Previous research has provided strong evidence for a pronounced role of time perspective (TP) in various areas of human functioning, including cognitive processes, mental and physical health, environmental behaviors, and relationship quality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of individual differences in TP in work-related attitudes and behaviors. In a sample of 200 office workers, we administered a set of questionnaires measuring TPs, job satisfaction, work engagement, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB). Additionally, we controlled for the Big Five personality traits which may be related to the work-related outcomes of interest. Analyses of the data revealed that Future-Positive TP predicted more desired work-related outcomes, i.e., higher job satisfaction, work engagement, and OCB, and lower CWB. An opposite pattern of associations was observed for Present-Fatalistic, Deviation from Balanced Time Perspective, and (partially) for Future-Negative TPs. The vast majority of these effects were still significant after controlling for personality traits. Using path modelling we also demonstrated that the effects of TPs on work behaviors (OCB and CWB) are mostly mediated by job satisfaction and engagement. The present results suggest that TP theory may prove to be a useful tool in organizational psychology for understanding individual differences in work behaviors.

To describe relations among health, job satisfaction, work engagement and job features in Spanish nurses working in a public hospital. It has been established that nursing staff health affects the quality of their work and is associated with job satisfaction, work engagement and different job features. Understanding the relationships among these variables could provide useful information to improve staff performance and prevent work-related illnesses. A descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational and comparative study was performed between January-April 2016. This research adheres to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guideline. A total of 926 nurses were requested to complete an online questionnaire. Nurses on sick leave or in period of unpaid leave during data collection were excluded. The final study population reached 392 nurses. The online survey was fully completed by 373 nurses. General health, job satisfaction and work engagement were measured. Tools used were as follows: sociodemographic questions, the General Health Questionnaire, the Overall Job Satisfaction Scale and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Significant correlations among general health, job satisfaction and work engagement were found. Specifically, general health levels were negatively correlated with job satisfaction and work engagement subscales. Job features with influence on these constructs were the type of shift, type of contract, type of service, salary, type of continuous formation and having a specialty/profile. Our results indicate that job-related features affect job satisfaction, general health and work engagement. The organisation should make interventions over these features to increase job satisfaction and work engagement levels, since they are relevant for nursing staff health and patient security. The analysis of the relationships among general health, job satisfaction, work engagement and job features in nurses could offer a basis to design preventive programmes to improve staff performance and prevent work-related illnesses.

PurposePrevious studies have found that abusive supervision undermines employees' work motivation and attitudes, namely work engagement and job satisfaction. However, less is known about the mechanisms by which abusive supervision negatively relates to employees' work engagement and job satisfaction. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, this study examines employee silence as a mediating mechanism linking abusive supervision to employees' work engagement and job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from a sample of 233 full-time employees of a large hotel service company in Taiwan. Structural equation modeling analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results showed that abusive supervision has a positive association with employee silence. Moreover, the results showed that employee silence mediates the negative associations of abusive supervision with employees' work engagement and job satisfaction.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that organizational managers should provide supervisors with leadership interventions to prevent the occurrence of abusive supervision. Furthermore, organizational managers should provide employees with opportunities to voice their concerns through the use of organizational communication and participation, which can reduce employee silence and subsequently foster employee engagement and satisfaction at work.Originality/valueThis study advances our understanding of how abusive supervision results in poor work motivation and attitudes among employees. This contributes to the literature by identifying employee silence as a suitable mediating mechanism linking the negative associations of abusive supervision with employees' work engagement and job satisfaction.