The impact of institutional entrepreneurs on semiconductor supply chain resilience: the case of Rapidus in Japan

PurposeThis systematic literature review analyzes the academic literature to understand SC risk and resilience across different organizational sizes and industries. The academic literature has well discussed the causes of supply chain (SC) risk events, the impact of SC disruptions, and associated plans for SC resilience. However, the literature remains fragmented on the role of two fundamental elements in achieving SC resilience: the firm's size and the firm's industry as firms' contingent factors. Therefore, it is important to investigate and highlight SC resilience differences by size and industry type to establish more resilient firms.Design/methodology/approachBuilding upon the contingent resource-based view of the firm, the authors posit that organizational factors such as size and industry sector have important roles in developing organizational resilience capabilities. This systematic literature review and analysis is based on the structural and systematic analysis of high-ranked peer-reviewed journal papers from January 2000 to June 2021 collected through three global scientific databases (i.e. ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) using relevant keywords.FindingsThis systematic literature review of 230 high-quality articles shows that SC risk events can be categorized into demand, supply, organizational, operational, environmental, and network/control risk events. This study suggests that the SC resilience plans developed by startups, small and mdium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and large organizations are not necessarily the same as those of large enterprises. While collaboration and networking and risk management are the most crucial resilience capabilities for all firms, applying lean and quality management principles and utilizing information technology are more crucial for SMEs. For large firms, knowledge management and contingency planning are more important.Originality/valueThis study provides a comprehensive review of the literature on SC resilience plans across different organizational sizes and industries, offering new insights into the nature and dynamics of startups', SMEs', and large enterprises' SC resilience in different industries. The study highlights the need for further investigation of SC risk and resilience for startups, SMEs, and different industries on a more detailed level using empirical data. This study’s findings have important implications for researchers and practitioners and guide the development of effective SC resilience strategies for different types of firms.

PurposeThis study aims to analyse whether the presence of supply chain complexity (SCC) influences firms to improve their supply chain (SC) resilience and SC robustness capability. This study also examines an important paradox: whether investing in both exploitation and exploration practices is conflicting or complementary to enabling SC resilience and robustness in the presence of SCC.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a survey-based approach to collect 242 useful responses from SC professionals of Pakistani firms, an important emerging economy context. The data were analysed with covariance-based structural equation modelling to statistically validate the model.FindingsThe analysis reveals several key findings: the presence of SCC has a direct, positive influence on SC resilience and SC robustness; while exploitation practices only partially mediate the nexus between SCC and SC resilience, they fully mediate the relationship between SCC and SC robustness; while exploration practices partially mediate the nexus between SCC and SC resilience, they do not mediate the relationship between SCC and SC robustness and SCC has a significant influence on SC resilience and SC robustness sequentially through exploitation and exploration (i.e. one after the other).Practical implicationsThese findings help to reconcile the exploitation versus exploration paradox in cultivating SC resilience and SC robustness in the presence of SCC. The findings assist SC managers in determining how to deploy their limited resources most effectively to enhance SC resilience and SC robustness while facing SCC.Originality/valueThe authors devise and empirically validate a unique framework that demonstrates how the presence of SCC works as a stimulus to build SC resilience and SC robustness.

Building responsive and resilient supply chains: Lessons from the <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 disruption

Global semiconductor supply chain resilience challenges and mitigation strategies: A novel integrated decomposed fuzzy set Delphi, WINGS and QFD model

Building resilience or maintaining robustness: Insights from relational view and information processing perspective

Background . Globalization, characterized by the worldwide exchange of goods, services, ideas, and culture, has profoundly influenced national economies. It involves the rapid development of productive forces necessitating new global production relations. Any efforts to restrict foreign goods or create non-market advantages for domestic producers will likely prompt retaliatory measures from other governments. Ukraine, located at Europe's crossroads and influenced by various geopolitical factors, is significantly impacted by globalization dynamics. Its engagement in global trade and economic relations has a history spanning several decades. Post-Soviet Union dissolution in 1991, Ukraine shifted from a centrally planned to a market-oriented economy, embracing international trade and investment. However, the 2014 Russian invasion drastically changed its economic path. The ongoing regional geopolitical tensions, worsened by Russian aggression, have severely challenged Ukraine's economic stability. The conflict has disrupted global supply chains and increased the fragility of Ukraine's economy, heightening its reliance on international support. Entities like the World Bank and the European Union have been crucial in aiding Ukraine's economic development and stability through financial support and policy guidance. Economic sanctions imposed in response to the conflict have further complicated Ukraine's economic situation. Trade, investment, and geopolitical risk-related policy issues are now central to shaping Ukraine's economic future and its ability to navigate uncertainties. Despite the challenges posed by the recent war and geopolitical tensions, opportunities exist for Ukraine to diversify trade relationships, advance political reforms, and strengthen its global position. Adapting to the evolving geopolitical landscape and leveraging its comparative advantages will be vital for Ukraine's long-term economic resilience. Thus, understanding globalization's impact on Ukraine demands a detailed examination of historical contexts, geopolitical dynamics, economic challenges, and growth opportunities. Methods . To obtain scientific results, the following methods were used: historical analysis which includes a historical overview of Ukraine's economic transition since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, detailing significant events like the 2014 Russian invasion and its impact on Ukraine's economy. Geopolitical and economic analysis examines the geopolitical factors influencing Ukraine, such as regional tensions and international support, highlighting the interconnectedness of politics and economics in the context of globalization. Policy Analysis discusses the roles of international organizations (e.g., World Bank, European Union) and the implications of economic policies and sanctions, suggesting a policy analysis method. The article looks forward, discussing potential opportunities and strategies for Ukraine to strengthen its economic resilience, showing an element of prospective or forward-looking analysis. Results . The invasion heightened geopolitical tensions and posed significant challenges for international relations. Ukraine's geopolitical risks stem from its complex history and strategic position between Russia and Europe. These risks strain relations with international players and impact economic stability and investment climates. The conflict caused economic uncertainties globally, affecting investment, financial stability, and market dynamics. Ukraine's role in globalization and its comparative advantage in natural resources and human potential influence its position in international trade. Disruptions led to production delays, increased costs, and supply shortages, impacting both businesses and consumers worldwide. Ukraine's integration into the global economy involves adhering to international standards and improving product competitiveness. The European Union's response through economic sanctions and trade policies illustrates its proactive stance against geopolitical risks and economic instability. Ukraine leverages its diverse resources and skilled workforce to strengthen its trade position. Effective utilization of comparative advantages and addressing geopolitical risks are critical for Ukraine's adaptation to global trade dynamics. The Russian invasion of Ukraine had profound consequences for global trade, emphasizing the interconnectedness and fragility of modern economiStrategies for diversification, resilience in supply chains, and effective risk management are essential for navigating geopolitical tensions and economic uncertainties. Conclusions . In conclusion, the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 had significant repercussions on global trade, reshaping economic landscapes and geopolitical alliances. The conflict disrupted global supply chains, particularly in agriculture and manufacturing, and heightened geopolitical tensions, complicating international relations and cooperation. Ukraine's strategic location as a transit route for natural gas further influenced global energy dynamics, contributing to economic uncertainties and financial instability worldwide. This situation underscored the interconnectedness and fragility of modern economies, emphasizing the importance of diversification, resilience in supply chains, and effective risk management strategies to navigate geopolitical tensions and economic uncertainties. Understanding Ukraine's geopolitical risks, derived from its complex history and strategic position, is essential for comprehending the broader global landscape and the uncertainties facing the country. As Ukraine continues to integrate into the global economy, fostering innovation, collaboration, and a global mindset will be crucial for harnessing the opportunities presented by globalization while mitigating its inherent risks

PurposeAs the construction industry transforms towards green and low-carbon development, prefabricated buildings (PBs) have become the mainstream trend of industry development with their significant advantages of environmental protection, high efficiency and resource conservation. However, the prefabricated building supply chain (PBSC) faces many risks and challenges in actual operation, which pose a serious threat to the stability and sustainable development of the supply chain (SC). Taking the PB project of Enterprise J as an example, this paper deeply explores the risk propagation mechanism in its SC and proposes a practical risk control strategy, aiming to enhance the risk resistance and resilience of the SC and ensure its sustainable development.Design/methodology/approachBased on the actual contract data of Enterprise J, this study constructed a four-layer PBSC network model, covering PB contractors, material suppliers, module manufacturers, and PB construction enterprises. By identifying and evaluating the main risk factors in the SC, combined with the improved Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation method and the cloud-matter element evaluation model, the weight and vulnerability of each risk factor were analyzed. MATLAB R2022b software was further used to simulate the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Susceptible (SIRS) model to analyze the impact of different risk control strategies on risk propagation.FindingsThis study analyzed the PBSC network of J Company and found that it has high connectivity and low group characteristics, which promotes the rapid spread of risks. SIRS model analysis shows that the infection rate is most sensitive to risk transmission, and a higher infection rate accelerates the spread, emphasizing the importance of controlling the initial infection rate. The recovery rate significantly affects the speed of risk transmission, while the immune extinction rate affects the long-term stability of the SC. The betweenness centrality strategy based on betweenness centrality performs well in controlling risk transmission, and can effectively reduce the number of infected enterprises and shorten the recovery time. The study also found that PB contractors and material suppliers are key links and are prone to become the source of risk transmission; while module manufacturers and PB construction enterprise show strong risk resistance.Practical implicationsThis study provides a new theoretical framework and practical strategy for risk management of PBSC of enterprise J, helping enterprises to identify key risk nodes and effectively control risk propagation through reasonable immunization strategies, thereby enhancing the stability and resilience of the SC. The research results provide strong support for coping with external uncertainties and technological changes, and promote the healthy development of enterprise J.Originality/valueThis study takes the PBSC network of J Company as an empirical object, deeply analyzes its risk propagation mechanism and control strategy, and has significant academic innovation and practical value. By constructing a four-layer weighted directed network model that conforms to the actual operation of the enterprise, and combining the SIRS model for dynamic simulation analysis, this study reveals the key impact of infection rate, recovery rate and immune extinction rate on SC risk propagation, and provides a new perspective and theoretical basis for J Company’s SC risk management. In particular, the betweenness immunization strategy based on betweenness centrality, as an innovative solution, provides a practical path for enterprises to identify and control key risk nodes. The study also further analyzes the vulnerability and recovery capacity of different levels, and proposes targeted strategies to enhance the resilience and risk resistance of the enterprise SC. This study not only enriches the theoretical framework of J Company’s SC risk management, but also provides an operational practical guide for it to improve the stability of the SC and cope with the challenges of external uncertainty.

PurposeNeo-institutional theories and their constructs have so far only received limited attention in supply chain management literature. As recent supply chain disruptions and their ripple effects affect actors on a broader institutional level, supply chains are confronted with multiple new and emerging, often conflicting, institutional demands. This study aims to unpack the notion of institutional complexity behind supply chain disruptions and present a novel institutional framework to lower supply chain susceptibility and increase supply chain resilience.Design/methodology/approachThe authors identify the patterns of complexity that shape the supply chain susceptibility, namely, distance, diversity and ambiguity, and present three institutional responses to susceptibility to increase supply chain resilience, namely, institutional entrepreneurship, institutional alignment and institutional layering.FindingsThis paper analyses the current situational relevance to better understand the various and patterned ways how logics influence both supply chain susceptibility and the supply chain resilience. The authors derive six propositions on how complexity can be reduced for supply chain susceptibility and can be increased for supply chain resilience.Originality/valueBy expanding and extending research on institutional complexity to supply chains, the authors broaden how researchers in supply chain management view supply chain susceptibility, thereby providing managers with theory to think differently about supply chains and its resilience.

Purpose This paper aims to investigate current trends in sustainability and resilience in supply chains post the COVID-19 pandemic. With an increase in the number of pandemic-led supply chain disruptions in the past years, supply chain resilience has become a necessity in almost all global supply chains. At the same time, supply chains are being mandated to meet the sustainable development goals by considering all three pillars of sustainability, that is, people, planet and profits. The challenge faced by most supply chains is to incorporate both sustainability and resilience in their supply chains since the two have some conflicting objectives. The review investigated research on the integration of sustainability and resilience in closed-loop supply chains (CLSCs). CLSCs have become an important circular business model that contributes greatly to environmental sustainability. The disruption of CLSCs affects not only business as usual (forward chain) but also environmental and net zero initiatives. For this reason, it is necessary to study their resilience. Design/methodology/approach When conducting the review, the systematic method was used. In the systematic method, a research question was defined and studies on the topic were located and screened based on their contents. At the end of the screening, 56 publications were found to be relevant to the topic at hand. A content analysis was carried on the selected publications to come up with research gaps, recommendations and managerial implications for the integration of sustainability and resilience in CLSCs. The review investigated the levels of decision-making where resilience and sustainability can be integrated in CLSCs, the interrelationships between sustainability and resilience from the perspective of CLSCs and other supply chain issues that can be integrated with resilience and sustainability in CLSCs. Findings For CLSCs, the integration of sustainability and resilience was carried out mostly in the strategic level (mostly network design focusing on facility location and allocation). Most studies investigated the two principles separately, although there is a growing increase in literature investigating both principles simultaneously. In CLSCs, resilience has been investigated as a tool for achieving sustainability, as most research focused on the impact of resilience on sustainability dimensions. In addition, sustainability and resilience cannot co-exist without some trade-offs. It was also discovered that sustainability and resilience can be combined with other principles such as robustness, responsiveness, efficiency and reliability among other principles to improve supply chain networks. Originality/value The paper focused on simultaneous consideration of resilience and sustainability in CLSCs specifically. It also explored other supply chain issues associated with sustainability and resilience in CLSCs. The aim of the paper was to reveal interrelationships between resilience and sustainability in closed-loop supply chains. It has not been clear as to the relationship between resilience and sustainability from a CLSC perspective.

PurposeThis study aims to theoretically hypothesise and empirically explore the relationships amongst global supply chain risks, supply chain resilience and mitigating strategies.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts supply chain resilience as a dynamic capability and resilience capability as a mediating prerequisite in addressing supply chain risk in sourcing, manufacturing and delivery. The moderating role of diverse mitigating strategies is tested to enhance supply chain resilience. Data collected via survey was used for structural equation modelling and additional tests to explore appropriate mitigating strategies for differing risk environments.FindingsAchieving better supply chain resilience capability plays an important mediating role between supply chain risks and resilience, while the relationships depend on the performance of seven mitigating strategies.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings contribute to the theoretical development of risk management issues in global supply chains by suggesting the role of supply chain resilience capability.Practical implicationsThe findings offer managerial guidance on how to mitigate the global supply chain risk through the appropriate practice of strategies to strengthen supply chain resilience in an uncertain environment.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical research examining the impact of mitigating strategies on supply chain resilience. The results provide practical implications for managing uncertain events and offering theoretical insight for future research in supply chain resilience.

Background Supply chain risk management is crucial for the consumer products industry due to its vulnerability to uncertainties and risks. This study investigates the relationship between supply chain risks and performance among SMEs in the ASEAN countries. Supply chain performance, defined as meeting end-customer demands, involves ensuring commodity availability, on-time deliveries, and maintaining sufficient inventory and capacity across organizational boundaries from raw materials to the final consumer. Methods The study utilized a sample of 385 entrepreneurs from the consumer products industry in ASEAN countries. The research was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to establish the correlation between supply chain performance and risks. Factors related to the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) for economic integration and regional trade agreements were incorporated to understand the diverse economic development, infrastructure, and regulatory environments across nations. Results The analysis revealed a strong correlation between supply chain risks and performance. Entrepreneurs in the consumer products industry should collaborate closely with governmental organizations to address the unique challenges posed by regulatory landscapes, cross-border logistics, and geopolitical risks within the ASEAN region. Adapting to cultural nuances and market variations, along with optimizing logistics and infrastructure, are crucial for successful supply chain risk management. Conclusions Effective supply chain risk management significantly enhances the performance of the consumer products industry’s supply chain. Entrepreneurs in this sector should align their strategies with regional and national governments to proactively address issues and mitigate risks. Continuous monitoring and adaptive measures are necessary to handle emerging risks in the dynamic market landscape. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, suggesting that supportive frameworks and policies are necessary to bolster SME capabilities in risk management. By fostering a collaborative environment between the public and private sectors, ASEAN countries can enhance overall supply chain resilience. Future research could explore sector-specific risk management practices and their impact on supply chain robustness, underscoring the imperative for SMEs to adopt proactive and integrated risk management approaches to thrive in a complex and evolving economic environment.

PurposeThis study aims to explore the relationships among the five components of supply chain (SC) resilience (SCRES): visibility, velocity, flexibility, robustness and collaboration and their impacts on the SC performance under disruption (SCPUD).Design/methodology/approachFive SCRES components are identified from the literature review and data are collected using an web survey from 113 manufacturing companies in Taiwan. The data are analyzed by structured equation modeling with the partial least square solution. Two-stage least-squares (2SLS) regression was used to test the potential endogeneity of SC collaboration (SCC).FindingsThe results reveal that SCC is an exogenous driver of SCRES; it directly affects visibility, velocity, flexibility, robustness and SCPUD. Furthermore, SC flexibility is the only component of SC agility that directly affects SCPUD; it is influenced directly by SC velocity and indirectly by SC visibility through SC velocity. SC visibility is a vital agility component that positively influences SC velocity and SC robustness.Research limitations/implicationsThe data in this study are cross-sectional and the sample size of 113 is relatively small. The relationship between SC robustness and SCPUD needs a longer observation period to reveal. The logistic issue in the shortage of carriers caused by the pandemic has been overlooked.Practical implicationsA firm should enhance its collaboration and flexibility in the SC as they both are the critical antecedents of SC performance (SCP) during the disruption period.Originality/valueThis study integrates visibility, velocity, flexibility, robustness and collaboration into a complete framework of SCRES. The dependent variable, SCPUD, measures SC performance (SCP) under the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is the first study to investigate the associations of the six constructs in a research model.

This paper estimates the Most Productive Scale Size (MPSS) in the NDEA model to appraise the sustainability and resilience of the supply chains. As the corresponding input and output criteria are not always accurately measurable, we also introduce the fuzzy version of our proposed NDEA model and apply the proposed model in a case study involving 10 Iranian supply chains of Companies Producing Soft Drinks (CPSDs). The considered-three-echelon supply chains include suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors. Mathematical analysis proves that the MPSS of the considered supply chain can be decomposed as the sum of the MPSS values of the individual stages. Thus, the supply chain is overall MPSS if and only if it is MPSS in every three stages. The results of this study reveal that the Behnoush supply chain is overall MPSS in all three stages, including supplier, manufacturer, and distributor, for any α ∈ {0.1, 0.5, 1}. A sensitivity analysis has been performed to measure the impact of each criterion on the entire supply chain performance. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that the social and resilience criteria significantly impact the performance and ranking of supply chains. Finally, we discuss how to improve the sustainability and resilience of non-MPSS supply chains.

The risk spillover between geopolitical risk and China's 5G, semiconductor and rare earth industries

While the importance of improving supply chain resilience (SCR) is gaining increasing recognition, measuring it remains challenging. Existing literature focuses on modelling operational SCR, emphasising post-disruption impact and recovery, but lacks practical tools and metrics for assessing resilience from a strategic perspective. Strategic decisions, such as supply network design and strategy for selecting suppliers, are critical to mitigate disruption risks and impacts. To address this gap, we propose a supply chain strategic resiliency index (SRI) to comprehensively measure strategic SCR. The index integrates the consideration of supply network structure, supplier reliability (especially geopolitical risks), and each supplier’s contribution of material flow into a unified metric. Such an index can serve three primary purposes: (1) benchmarking the resilience of the existing supply chain, (2) evaluating the impact of strategic supply chain management decisions, and (3) assessing the resilience impact of new technology developments. As a use case, we analyzed the lithium supply chain of U.S. electric vehicle manufacturers, utilising real-world lithium imports and vehicle production data. Our results show that automakers are increasing their SCR, as exemplified by General Motors’ SRI increase from 27 in 2022 to 59 in 2023, and further to 65 in 2024.