Abstract
We understand the term 'white box' as a concrete structure in underground spaces, basements, or cellars, where it is necessary to consider the water impermeability of concrete or minimal changes in volume changes of concrete. These properties can be attained by creating the maximal compactness of the concrete composite when using the optimal combination of entrance components. The goal of this article is mainly to verify the effects of aggregate variety and its granulometric curve during the observation of volume changes and the water impermeability of concrete and another property, which are in white boxes constructions important. Granulometric curves of aggregates will be designed to ensure the minimal voids content of an aggregate, and the effect of the discontinuous granulometric curve will also be observed with respect of this property. During the design of the concrete mixtures, account was taken of a high amount of binding agent, which is used ensuring the higher compactness of cement stone was considered besides. For this reason, it will be verified also additive of finely ground limestone, thanks to which it is possible to partially replace a part of cement while maintaining the same properties of concrete. This method of design can lead not only to positive elimination of volume changes in a concrete mixture but also has a significant impact on dried concrete parameters, such as a high level of water impermeability.
Highlights
The so-called ‘white box’ is a frequently sought alternative to secondary protective coats or various hydro-insulation systems during the construction of the foundations of buildings or underground building with the predicted occurrence of groundwater under pressure
The hydro-insulation feature of a functional white box is ensured by several factors, such as correct construction and flawless design, but it is appropriate for designing the composition of a concrete mixture. [1,2] For this impermeability concrete, it is necessary to have properties like low water absorption, high resistance to the penetration of groundwater under pressure, and minimal volume changes
The partial replacement of cement by finely ground limestone does not confirm the assumption of ensuring the lower porosity of a cement matrix and the results show higher water absorption, as well as deeper penetration of water under pressure
Summary
The so-called ‘white box’ is a frequently sought alternative to secondary protective coats or various hydro-insulation systems during the construction of the foundations of buildings or underground building with the predicted occurrence of groundwater under pressure. These structures are a suitable solution during the construction of underground parts of residential or public buildings, cellars, family houses, or buildings in general because they show property of high water impermeability. In the case of white box construction, cracks caused by shrinkage can significantly decrease the lifetime of such a construction; it is necessary to approach concrete design in such a manner to reach the lowest possible shrinkage
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