Abstract
The narrow land in big cities such as Jakarta, increases the amount of high rise building, especially multi-storey office building. Office building consumes much energy to provide air conditioning to meet the thermal comfort inside the building. On the other hand, the building shape, building envelope, and building orientation to the sun's position are the main factors in building design aspects that affect the amount of cooling load. This study aims to investigate the impact of the aspect ratio or the ratio of the longer dimension of an oblong plan to the shorter, on external heat gain of multi-storey office building. Variables examined include the transparent and solid area of building envelope, the total area of the surface of the building envelope in any orientation, and the volume of the building, as well as the influence of those proportion on the external heat gain. This study uses mathematical calculations to predict the cooling load of the building, particularly external heat gain through the walls, roof and glass, as well as comparative analysis of models studied. The study also aims to generate the design criteria of building form and proportion of multi-storey office buildings envelope with lower external heat gain. In Jakarta climatic conditions, the result on rectangular building plan with aspect ratio of 1 to 4 shows that the external heat gain did not differ significantly, and the smallest heat gain is found on the aspect ratio of 1.8. Results also showed that the greater aspect ratio, the greater reduction of external heat gain obtained by changing the orientation of the longest side facing east-west into the north-south, about 2.79% up to 42.14% on the aspect ratio of 1.1 to 4. In addition, it is known that in same building volume, changing the number of floors from 10 to 50 can improve the external heat gain almost twice.
Highlights
The development in economy and the limitation of land led to increased vertical buildings growth in major cities in Indonesia
Heat gain of buildings depend on gains through glass or transparent material on building envelope, heat transmission through the wall and roof, internal heat gain consisting of humans sensible and latent heat gain, heat from lighting and electronic equipment, as well as gains from outdoor air or infiltration and mechanical ventilation (Grondzik, Kwok, 2015, SNI 03-6572-2001)
The results show that the smallest external heat gain is found in the model with an aspect ratio of 1.8 or the ratio between the width and the lenght of the building is about 1:2
Summary
The development in economy and the limitation of land led to increased vertical buildings growth in major cities in Indonesia. In big cities such as Jakarta, this is occuring in buildings with the function as rental office, due to high price of land accompanied by the need of space to support economic activities. Jurnal RUAS Volume 16 No 1 Juni 2018 ISSN 1693 3702 E-ISSN 2477-6033 radiation, as well as internal heat gain received from occupation, artificial lighting, and elelctronic equipments. Heat gain of buildings depend on gains through glass or transparent material on building envelope (sensible heat gain), heat transmission through the wall and roof (transmission gain), internal heat gain consisting of humans sensible and latent heat gain, heat from lighting and electronic equipment, as well as gains from outdoor air or infiltration and mechanical ventilation (Grondzik, Kwok, 2015, SNI 03-6572-2001). In Timmeren in Knaack and Klein, 2009, climatic factors become one of the main aspects that define the building envelopes design, where the building envelope as a mediator between the outdoor and indoor space of the building
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