Abstract
Determination if surface loss and bottom loss from at-sea measurements requires the assumption of a propagation loss model. In most cases, this has consisted of a simple spreading loss (spherical and cylindrical) model plus attenuation. The recent development of a pH-dependent attenutation formula will have an impact on previously reported values of loss that were obtained using the old Marsh-Schulkin or Thorp attentuation formulas. Due to the depth dependence of a typical pH profile, this impact will depend on the configuration of the measurement in the water column. For example, previous values of surface loss that were obtained from propagation loss measurements in a surface duct (where the pH and, hence, the attenuation have the highest values) will be too high since the previously assumed value of attenuation was too low. Estimates are made of the possible impact on some of the most widely used formulas. [Work supported by NUSC.]
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