Abstract
This paper shows the impact of multipath propaga- tion in the reference channel on the performance of processing in GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) based passive radar. For passive radar operational scenarios in dense urban areas, such as road traffic monitoring, the possibility of multipath distortions appearing in the reference channel have to be taken into account. The application of Constant Modulus Algorithm is proposed for the elimination of unwanted multipath components from a received GSM signal. I. INTRODUCTION The common problem of passive radars is the quality of the reference signals, usually received by a separate reference antenna pointing towards the transmitter of opportunity. As the reference antenna beam-width is usually not very narrow, the reference beam receives not only the direct signal, but also its time or time and Doppler delayed copies. To obtain good quality detection in a passive radar's reference channel the signal should be improved and the multipath component should be removed. The paper's aim is to deepen understanding of the effects of multipath in the reference channel of a GSM based passive radar (1) by presenting simulations of its impact, as well as simulation results of the equalization of the reference signal with the Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) (2). The application of the CMA algorithm in passive FM based radar was investigated in (3). It was also proposed and described in the context of equalizing the reference signal in GSM based passive radar (4), (5). In this paper the multipath effects were examined with a focus on removing them with the CMA algorithm from a GSM signal. II. IMPACT OF MULTIPATH PROPAGATION A. Signal model For a scene modelled by a set of point scatterers, received signals can be modelled by a sum of the direct signal and echoes from discrete elements of the scene. The surveillance signal model is a sum of delayed and attenuated replicas of the transmitted signal with shifted phase and, in the case of non-stationary objects, frequency. Its complex envelope is
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