Abstract
Environmental and individual contextual factors profoundly influence how people regulate their emotions. The current article addresses the role of event intensity and psychopathology (an admixture of depression, anxiety, and psychoticism) on emotion regulation in response to naturally occurring events. For six days each evening, a youth sample (aged 15–25, N = 713) recorded the intensity of the most positive and most negative event of the day and their subsequent emotion regulation. The intensity of negative events was positively associated with summed total emotion regulation effort, strategy diversity, engaging in rumination, situation modification, emotion expression, and sharing and negatively associated with reappraisal and acceptance. The intensity of positive events was positively associated with strategy diversity, savoring, emotion expression, and sharing. Higher psychopathology symptoms were only related to ruminating more about negative events. We interpret these findings as support for the role of context in the degree of effort and type of emotion regulation that young people engage in.
Highlights
With the onset of puberty, individuals experience many changes in their physical, mental, and social lives, and enter an important period of emotional development
We focused on the cognitive reappraisal strategy, and explored the variability in the N2, P3, and late positive potential (LPP) components of event-related potentials (ERPs) in the process of online emotion regulation (Phase 1) and re-presentation (Phase 2) in adolescents and examined the relationship between the immediate and lasting effects of emotion regulation embodied in these two phases
The descriptive statistical results of the average amplitudes of each of the ERP components under different conditions in the two phases are shown in Table 3 and Figure 2
Summary
With the onset of puberty, individuals experience many changes in their physical, mental, and social lives, and enter an important period of emotional development. In an ocean of emotional storms, the ability to regulate emotions is important for adolescents [1,2], but few studies have focused on this issue [3,4]. We instructed adolescents to use a well-recognized, effective, and healthy strategy—cognitive reappraisal [5]—as a regulation strategy, and used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the effect of adolescents’ emotion regulation during an online voluntary emotional regulation phase and during a re-presentation phase after a period of time. We explored the impact of the immediate effects on the lasting effects for the first time. We hope that this can further our understanding of the staged characteristics of adolescents’ emotional regulation
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