The Image of Kaliningrad in the Social Perceptions of Residents of Other Regions of Russia

The comparison of the views of teachers with positive and negative attitudes towards rubrics

Lecturer trying to grow and improve the positive attitude of students in the study of the course so that students can learn an increased vigor in the course. Indeed, the persistence of the negative attitude of students to a course, and it does not mean all the students to be negative towards a course, otherwise many students a positive attitude towards a subject that is learned. Lecturer of the course seeks to evoke the spirit of students to love a subject and trying to build a positive attitude towards the subject that he teaches. If the student has not been able to raise it toward a positive attitude among students, it is difficult for educators to develop students are knowledgeable and skilled in mastering a subject. For students who are positive or negative attitude is always the case in the learning of a subject, and even negative attitude is more dominant than positive attitude. Thus, the learning that educators are given less attractive, so that lecturers are less able to foster a positive attitude in the students learn a subject. That the lecturer of the course is able to actualize its role optimally in the process of learning a course undoubtedly positive attitude of students in the learning will become more prevalent among students. From the description above, the attitude of a person when used in the learning activities of the course, there will be individuals who love a subject (positive attitude) or being otherwise is not like a subject (a negative attitude). For students who have a positive attitude about a course will learn of their own accord and devote full attention to the matter of the course. Instead negative student attitudes about a course would lead to inactive students in learning activities and will ultimately negative effect also on a subject that is learned

Two studies tested the hypotheses that positive and negative attitudes toward minority groups are not interchangeable in predicting positive versus negative behaviors toward those groups. In Study 1, positive attitudes about Latinos were a better predictor of a positive behavior toward Latinos than were negative attitudes or stereotyped positive attitudes. In Study 2, positive attitudes about African Americans were a better predictor of positive behavioral intentions toward that group than were negative attitudes, whereas negative attitudes were better predictors of negative behavioral intentions than were positive attitudes. Taken together, the studies support the perspective that positive and negative attitudes toward minority groups are theoretically and functionally distinct constructs. We conclude that it is important to measure both positive and negative attitudes to understand and predict behaviors toward minority groups.

Weight gain attitudes among pregnant adolescents

Relevance. Research into the factors determining attraction between people is the most generally accepted paradigm in modern social psychology. The principal innovation of this study is its differentiation of the factor of the similarity of attitudes (both positive and negative), which was not introduced in previous works, either theoretical or empirical. At the same time, it seems apparent that “similarity of attitudes” is too global a characterization and requires further discrimination. Distinguishing between positive and negative attitudes makes obvious empirical sense: To what extent is similarity in some negative attitudes more important than in positive ones? Objective. To determine the impact of coinciding negative and positive attitudes on attraction to strangers in women. Methods. The study involved two stages. The sample at the first stage comprised 162 women, at the second there were 47; the average age of the participants was 19 years. The main methodological technique was a modified version of D. Byrne’s “fake stranger”. Statistical processing of the data included one-way analysis of variance and subsequent assessment of the significance of the differences in the dynamics of the attraction obtained by introducing additional information in the form of positive and negative attitudes corresponding to respondents’ own attitudes. Results. The introduction of additional information about attitudes that coincide with those of the respondent had a significant impact on attraction. The differences between the coincidence of the so-called positive and negative attitudes were analyzed. The authors propose a number of interpretations of the results in line with concepts relevant to modern socio-psychological science, relating to various theoretical orientations (psychoanalysis, cognitivism, interactionism, etc.). Conclusion. In the case of coinciding negative attitudes, the increase of the resulting attraction to the object is more significant than in the case of coinciding positive attitudes.

Dental schools need hands-on training and feedback. Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies enable remote work and training. Education programs only partially integrated these technologies. For better technology integration, infrastructure readiness, prior-knowledge readiness, expectations, and learner attitudes toward AR and VR technologies must be understood together. Thus, this study creates a structural equation model to understand how these factors affect dental students' technology use. A correlational survey was done. Four questionnaires were sent to 755 dental students from three schools. These participants were convenience-sampled. Surveys were developed using validity tests like explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach's ɑ, and composite reliability. Ten primary research hypotheses are tested with path analysis. A total of 81.22% responded to the survey (755 out of 930). Positive AR attitude, expectancy, and acceptance were endogenous variables. Positive attitudes toward AR were significantly influenced by two exogenous variables: infrastructure readiness (B=0.359, β=0.386, L=0.305, U=0.457, p=0.002) and prior-knowledge readiness (B=-0.056, β=0.306, L=0.305, U=0.457, p=0.002). Expectancy from AR was affected by infrastructure, prior knowledge, and positive and negative AR attitudes. Infrastructure, prior-knowledge readiness, and positive attitude toward AR had positive effects on expectancy from AR (B=0.201, β=0.204, L=0.140, U=0.267, p=0.002). Negative attitude had a negative impact (B=-0.056, β=-0.054, L=0.091, U=0.182, p=0.002). Another exogenous variable was AR acceptance, which was affected by infrastructure, prior-knowledge preparation, positive attitudes, and expectancy. Significant differences were found in infrastructure, prior-knowledge readiness, positive attitude toward AR, and expectancy from AR (B=0.041, β=0.046, L=0.026, U=0.086, p=0.054). Infrastructure and prior-knowledge readiness for AR significantly affect positive AR attitudes. Together, these three criteria boost AR's potential. Infrastructure readiness, prior-knowledge readiness, positive attitudes toward AR, and AR expectations all increase AR adoption. The study provides insights that can help instructional system designers, developers, dental education institutions, and program developers better integrate these technologies into dental education programs. Integration can improve dental students' hands-on experience and program performance by providing training options anywhere and anytime.

Background: Studies have sought to determine the possible precursors to medical students’ and doctors’ positive or negative attitudes towards older patients by examining associations with a variety of demographic, educational/training, and job/career factors. A review is now needed to explore the quality of these studies and to synthesize findings. Methods: A systematic review on the worldwide English language literature was conducted. Ten databases were explored (including Medline, PsychInfo and Science Direct) from database inception to December 2015 using a systematic search strategy. Quality was assessed and reported. Results: The search identified 2332 articles; 37 studies met the eligibility criteria. Students’ year in medical school, doctors’ years of practice or seniority, participants’ age and ethnicity did not appear to demonstrate relationships with (positive or negative) attitudes towards older patients. Ten studies reported that female medical students and/or doctors reported significantly more positive attitudes towards older patients than their male counterparts, although 18 studies found no differences. No studies reported more positive attitudes scores for males than females. Interest in working in older patient settings and reporting a high level of intrinsic motivation for choosing medicine as a career were both associated with positive attitudes towards older patients. Eight of 11 studies found more positive attitudes were reported by those who demonstrated higher levels of knowledge about ageing but this apparent relationship is questioned here due to methodological issues identified in the quality assessment stage pertaining to the knowledge measures employed. Reliability and validity of the attitude measures, that were employed, were examined. Conclusions: This article has identified factors associated with medical students’ and doctors’ positive attitudes towards older patients, as well as factors which have been extensively studied but failed to demonstrate meaningful relationships with attitudes. This is the first study to identify that the relationship between attitudes and knowledge about ageing may be a methodological artefact. Future research can build on the relationships identified here and should employ appropriate measures of attitudes with demonstrated reliability and validity.

IntroductionElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the few non-pharmacological stimulation treatment which is cost effective, effecious and lifesaving in various psychiatric disorders. Although myths and misconceptions prevailed in a society undermine the usefulness of such treatment.ObjectivesAttitude towards Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) among psychiatric patients.MethodsIt was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural sciences, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi from 22-Oct-2019 to 21-April-2020 and a total of 250 psychiatric patients were enrolled.Methode; Attitudes toward ECT were assessed using ECT attitude questionnaire6 (Annexure III). A 15 items questionnaire, each item has three alternatives based on which responses were categorized into positive, negative, or ambivalent attitudes. Mean score was calculated for each.Patients who were given 8 positive answers out of 15 were labeled as having a positive attitude. Patients who were given 8 negative answers out of 15 were labeled as having a negative attitude. Patients who were given 8 I don’t know answers out of 15 were labeled as having ambivalent attitude.Inclusion CriteriaAge 18-65 yearsEither genderPsychiatric patients, having awareness regarding their nature of illness and could give consent for study.Patients with duration of illness >3 months.Exclusion CriteriaPsychiatry patients who have no awareness regarding their illness.Patients with impaired cognitiveResultsForty-four (45.83%) patients had positive attitude, 36 (37.50%) had negative attitude and 16 (16.67%) had ambient attitude.Further stratification was also performed on the basis of educational status, occupational status, duration of illness, psychiatric diagnosis, and previous experience of ECT. There was no significant association was found of these variables with attitude regarding ECT.Mean age was 39.58±12.48 years included in this study. There were 55 (57.29%) female and 41 (41.71%) male patients. There were 72 (75.00%) patients were household workers, 04 (4.17%) students, 06 (5.25%) unskilled labour, 3 (3.13%) skilled labour, 10 (10.42%) professionals and just 01 (1.04%) were law enforcement worker. 19 (19.79%) patients were diagnosed with schizophrenia, 62 (64.58%) were diagnosed with unipolar depression and 15 (15.63%) were diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Source of ECT information was 11 (11.46%) electronic media, 09 (9.38%) print media, 19 (19.79%) social media and 57 (59.38%) was from health professionals. Forty-four (45.83%) patients had positive attitude, 36 (37.50%) had negative attitude and 16 (16.67%) had ambient attitude.ConclusionsKnowledge regarding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was low in psychiatric patients in Pakistan. Only 45.83% patients showed positive attitude towards ECT.Reference(s)Carney S, Geddes J. Electroconvulsive therapy. Br Med J. 2003;326:1343-4Gangadhar BN., Kapur RL., Kalyanasundaram S. Comparison of electroconvulsive therapy with imipramine in endogenous depression: a double blind study. Br J Psychiatry.1982;141:367–71.Kellner CH., Fink M., Knapp R., Petrides G., Husain M., Rummans T., et al. Relief of expressed suicidal intent by ECT: a consortium for research in ECT study. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:977–82.Baghai T C, Moller HJ. Electroconvulsive therapy and its different indications. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2008 Mar; 10(1): 105–17.Weiner RD., Coffey CE., Folk J., Fochtmann LJ., Greenberg RM., et al. American psychiatric association committee on electroconvulsive therapy, The practice of electroconvulsive therapy. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2001Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The present research examined how life history and resistance against interethnic mating were related to positive and negative attitudes towards cousin marriages among young people aged between 15 and 25 from a rural area in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The sample included three ethnic groups: Mestizos (people of mixed Spanish and indigenous descent, n = 84), indigenous Mixtecs (n = 83), and Afro-Mexicans (n = 33). In general, respondents reported more negative than positive attitudes towards cousin marriage. Among the Mestizos, but not in the other ethnic groups, women reported more negative attitudes than men did. The main objections against marrying a cousin were that it might lead to family conflict and might result in genetic defects of one’s offspring. The main positive aspect of cousin marriage that participants mentioned was that one would marry someone with the same values. The ethnic groups did not differ in their attitudes towards cousin marriages. A slower life history was related to a more negative (but not a less positive) attitude towards cousin marriages, whereas resistance against out-group mating was related to a more positive (but not a less negative) attitude towards cousin marriages. The implications of the results are discussed in the context of life history theory, the benefits of in-group marriage, and the potential positive and negative effects of cousin marriages.

Negative attitudes toward patients can adversely impact health care quality and contribute to health disparities. Stigmatizing language written in a patient's medical record can perpetuate negative attitudes and influence decision-making of clinicians subsequently caring for that patient. To identify and describe physician language in patient health records that may reflect, or engender in others, negative and positive attitudes toward the patient. This qualitative study analyzed randomly selected encounter notes from electronic medical records in the ambulatory internal medicine setting at an urban academic medical center. The 600 encounter notes were written by 138 physicians in 2017. Data were analyzed in 2019. Common linguistic characteristics reflecting an overall positive or negative attitude toward the patient. A total of 138 clinicians wrote encounter notes about 507 patients. Of these patients, 350 (69%) were identified as female, 406 (80%) were identified as Black/African American, and 76 (15%) were identified as White. Of 600 encounter notes included in this study, there were 5 major themes representing negative language and 6 themes representing positive language. The majority of negative language was not explicit and generally fell into one or more of the following categories: (1) questioning patient credibility, (2) expressing disapproval of patient reasoning or self-care, (3) stereotyping by race or social class, (4) portraying the patient as difficult, and (5) emphasizing physician authority over the patient. Positive language was more often more explicit and included (1) direct compliments, (2) expressions of approval, (3) self-disclosure of the physician's own positive feelings toward the patient, (4) minimization of blame, (5) personalization, and (6) highlighting patient authority for their own decisions. This qualitative study found that physicians express negative and positive attitudes toward patients when documenting in the medical record. Although often not explicit, this language could potentially transmit bias and affect the quality of care that patients subsequently receive. These findings suggest that increased physician awareness when writing and reading medical records is needed to prevent the perpetuation of negative bias in medical care.

This study aims to examine the relationship between teachers’ attitudes toward artificial intelligence and their artificial intelligence literacy levels. In the present study, “General Attitude Toward Artificial Intelligence Scale” and “Artificial Intelligence Literacy Scale” were used. The study group consisted of 361 teachers working in public schools in Kartal, Pendik and Sultanbeyli districts of Istanbul province in Türkiye in the 2023-2024 academic year and selected by convenient sampling method. The findings obtained in this study showed that teachers' positive attitudes toward artificial intelligence were at a high level, while their negative attitudes were at a low level. The artificial intelligence literacy levels of the teachers were at a medium level. Teachers’ positive and negative attitudes toward artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence literacy levels did not show significant differences according to their gender, professional seniority and education level. However, teachers’ positive attitudes toward artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence literacy levels were significantly higher in teachers with graduate education than those with undergraduate education. Likewise, teachers' negative attitudes toward artificial intelligence were significantly higher in teachers with undergraduate education than those with graduate education. As a result of the correlation analysis, it was found that there was a positive, high-level and significant relationship between teachers' positive attitudes toward artificial intelligence and their artificial intelligence literacy. On the other hand, there was a negative, moderate and significant relationship between teachers' negative attitudes toward artificial intelligence and their artificial intelligence literacy. As a result of the findings obtained from this study, some suggestions for researchers and practitioners are presented.

INTRODUCTION: The diagnostic and treatment of breast cancer usually has a devastating effect on a person’s life, because of the emotional, social and material losses. It all influence negatively in the self-esteem and self-image. In the breast surgery, conservative or not, even when it s accompanied by reconstruction, depending on the importance given by the women on her self- image and self-esteem, it may causes dissatisfaction, discontentment with the esthetic results, difficulties in the exposition of the body, feelings of worthlessness, shame and disgust, bringing as consequence the avoidance of social contact and sex, especially in women who did mastectomies. Furthermore, the functionality of the upper limb can be compromised and there are changes in the tactile sensation of the breast after the reconstruction. The development of body image is a multidimensional phenomenon involving physiological, psychological and social factors that affect the emotions, thoughts, and interpersonal relationships. Self-esteem is a set of feelings and thoughts of the individual over his own value, which is reflected in a positive or negative attitude. The promotion of the meeting with self-esteem by a laboratory with the Mastology Program of HC / UFG and Association of Breast Cancer Patients confirmed one of the objectives of the health team: (re)draw the self-image and self-esteem of patients. OBJECTIVES: : Rescuing self-esteem and external image in women with breast cancer and to compare their perception of the earlier moments of the event with the subsequent. METHODOLOGY: A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study realized in May 2012. The participants signed the authorization for use of images and testimonials; were photographed; received a kit-esteem and attended the lecture “My Experiences” by a journalist with the same pathology. They wore make up, encouraged to use props and to parade, posing for photographs and filming. In the end received a picture frame with photos of before and after. The socio-demographic data were collected in the register book and a questionnaire was applied with the questions: How did you realize your self-esteem and image on your arrival to the meeting? and after? RESULTS: The sample included 75 individuals with an average of 49.5 years old, from Goiania, mastectomy with reconstruction (40%). Data analysis on the previous perception is arranged in 5 categories associated with: feelings of depression (20. 9%), shame on image exposure (20. 2%), manifestations of anguish (20%), positive self-esteem and self-image (10.5%) and pain (10. 4%). Later into two categories: feelings of joy and better self-steem and external image (100%). DISCUSSION: Actions like this meeting despite not replacing interventional practices in the internal and deeper aspects, can be instrumentals for self-worth of these women. CONCLUSION: There were significant improvement in the perception of self-esteem and external image after the event.

High School Students’ Attitudes towards Distance Education: Comparative Study

Introduction The Triadic Model is an ongoing professional relationship between a clinician, client, and surrogate partner. In surrogate partner therapy (SPT), a surrogate partner is a professional who helps clients overcome challenges to emotional and physical intimacy by encouraging somatic self-awareness, teaching communication and relationship skills, and utilizing contextualized touch which can work up to and including erotic contact. Using the Triadic Model, both professionals individually work with the client and routinely collaborate to discuss the course of treatment. Previous research has shown clinicians have hesitation regarding SPT due to knowledge deficit around treatment, perceived lack of legality, and stigma surrounding SPT (Denton, 2018; AASECT, 2014). Surrogate partners have previously indicated that the success of SPT, ultimately driven by their complex and dynamic work with clients, would not be possible without the framework of the Triadic Model (Bechtold, 2020). Leaders in sex therapy have called for more research to better inform clinicians about the importance of these treatment options and their potential to benefit clients. Objective The current study investigates how the Triadic Model is situated within the discipline of clinical therapy. Specific objectives include identifying clinicians’ attitudes towards the Triadic Model and what barriers limit its utilization. Methods In 2024, an international questionnaire surveyed clinicians regarding their perspectives on working collaboratively with surrogate partners. Respondents were provided with definitions of “surrogate partner” and “the Triadic Model” before being asked to describe their thoughts and feelings about this therapeutic option. In the current study, responses were thematically coded with specific attention to whether participants expressed positive, negative, or mixed attitudes toward the Triadic Model, and if so, what reasons they discussed. The positive and negative reasons within mixed-attitude responses were identified and analyzed together with the purely positive and purely negative responses, respectively. Results Respondents (N = 134) expressed purely positive attitudes (49%), mixed attitudes (40%), purely negative attitudes (8%), and neutral/unspecified attitudes (3%). The most prevalent rationales among positive attitudes (n = 119) included the Triadic Model’s effectiveness (32%; ie, perceived client benefits) and usefulness (27%). Many positive attitudes were expressed with unspecified reasons (26%). Other rationales mentioned limits to talk therapy (8%) and a holistic approach (7%). Among negative attitudes (n = 64), the most prevalent themes were legal/regulatory concerns (30%; ie, legal ambiguity, lack of protections, lack of licensure for surrogate partners) and financial/geographic barriers (28%; these are linked due to the cost of travel). Other themes among negative attitudes were ethical/safety concerns (16%), lack of personal knowledge/training (9%), cultural stigma (6%), limited clinical applications (5%), client apprehension (3%), and unspecified reasons (3%). Conclusions Our results suggest that while many clinicians have positive attitudes toward the clinical value of SPT, there are still barriers that may prevent its widespread use. While some of the barriers we identified reflect previous findings, financial and geographic barriers may be more of a factor than previously indicated. As with most forms of sexual healthcare, our data highlight the need for more equitable structures at institutional, state, and national levels to support an accessible availability of surrogate partners working in the Triadic Model. Disclosure No.

Positive Attitude Goes a Long Way—In Dietetics and in Life