Abstract
Using a stage-structured matrix model, we examine how the ideal free distribution (IFD) arises in the context of a partially migrating population. Partial migration is a unique form of phenotypic diversity wherein migrant and non-migrant individuals coexist together. We prove that the ideal free distribution is evolutionary stable in a global sense, assuming that both migrants and non-migrants experience density-dependent competition with each other during reproduction. We also establish that the partially migrating species satisfies a dichotomy: Either both morphs have the same fitness, a scenario that corresponds to an IFD. Or, one morph has higher fitness than the other. The evolutionary process, however, will drive the population to the IFD.
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