Abstract
This chapter discusses the response cycle in men and women, and shows how malfunction of the cycle occurs. It also discusses how hormones, pheromones, therapeutic, and nontherapeutic drugs influence the sex drive and the sexual response cycle. It also discusses how present day human females may feel more sexually receptive around ovulation. The genetic sex determines the biological maleness and femaleness. Gender identity is the psychological awareness of one's biological sex. Sex role is the outward expression of one's gender identity. The human sexual response cycle is a sequence of physiological changes divided into four phases: excitement, plateau, orgasmic, and resolution. Hormones can influence sexual behavior by acting centrally or on peripheral tissues. A substance that increases sexual desire is an aphrodisiac, whereas one that decreases sexual desire is an anaphrodisiac. In both the sexes, orgasm involves the release of neuromuscular tension and is experienced as a highly pleasurable event. During the resolution phase in both the sexes, the sexual systems return to an unexcited state. Sexual dysfunction is present when a person's ability to receive sexual gratification is consistently compromised such as sexual dysfunctions in women are vaginismus and orgasmic dysfunction, whereas men can develop ejaculatory incompetence, premature ejaculation, and erectile dysfunction.
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