THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION AND FEATURES OF SPORTS AND PATRIOTIC EDUCATION IN THE SCOUT MOVEMENT OF ROBERT BADEN-POWELL

Physical Education, Exercise, Fitness and Sports: Early PM&R Leaders Build a Strong Foundation

The article analyzes the methods of physical and labor education of children in city and factory orphanages of the Perm province in the late 19th – early 20th centuries on the base of scientific and pre revolutionary literature, as well as records of orphanages of the Department of Institutions of Empress Maria. It was revealed that the orphanages’ organizers considered labor education to be the most effective means of their pupils’ health maintaining and preparing them for future adult life. To the extent of their means and possibilities, the orphanages’ guardianship observed the requirements of hygiene and physical education known in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. All city and factory orphanages had playgrounds. School activities for children alternated with rest. In summer they tried to take children out into nature more often. In those cases when children’s institutions had their own land plots, they organized training orphanage pupils in gardening and horticulture. The guardians of children’s shelters monitored the activities of educational workshops and refused those works that had negative effect on the pupils’ health.

The article is devoted to the analysis of physical and sports training of civilians and military personnel in the system of administrative and legal support of national security in a special period. It is emphasized that modern challenges caused by armed aggression, large-scale hostilities and a constant threat to national security require a comprehensive approach to the formation of the physical and psychological resilience of the population. Physical and sports training is considered a key tool of state policy in the field of defense and security, which ensures the readiness of citizens to participate in territorial defense, civil protection and support of the armed forces. The article focuses on the role of administrative and legal mechanisms in creating a regulatory framework, organizing training programs and ensuring interdepartmental coordination between state authorities, local governments, law enforcement agencies and public organizations. The international experience of using sports and health programs in ensuring the resilience of the population to crisis situations is analyzed, in particular the practice of NATO countries, where physical training is combined with elements of patriotic education and psychological rehabilitation. For Ukraine, it is proposed to strengthen the role of physical culture in the field of national security through the introduction of mandatory basic training programs in educational institutions, the creation of a network of sports and patriotic education centers and ensuring wide access to sports infrastructure for all categories of citizens. Military personnel, for their part, need systematic improvement of physical training programs taking into account combat experience, the development of endurance, speed of response and psychological resilience. The article proves that physical and sports training is an important component of administrative and legal mechanisms for ensuring national security, since it contributes to the formation of a healthy, disciplined and socially responsible nation capable of counteracting modern threats. Its development in the conditions of a special period should be based on the principles of systematicity, inclusiveness, state-civil partnership and orientation towards long-term results, which will ensure an increase in the state’s defense capability and sustainable development of society.

The article aims to determine the main stages of teaching fine, decorative, and applied arts in the context of art education development in Ukraine, which in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries was part of the Russian Empire. The methodology of the study consists of a set of methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, interdisciplinary synthesis of historical-cultural, historical-artistic, and historical-pedagogical approaches. The scientific novelty lies in generalizing comprehension of art education progressive development in Ukraine in the 19th – early 20th centuries, expanding theoretical ideas about peculiarities of the stages of teaching fine, decorative, and applied arts in the territory that was part of the Russian Empire. The study of the main trends – changes in social conditionality, requests of society for skilled handicraft and pedagogical staff of artistic and crafts profile, processes of art education formation and development of cultural-artistic trends in the field of fine, decorative, and applied arts, using a number of socio-economic, educational, cultural-artistic criteria, allowed to distinguish the stages of the process of organizing the teaching of art disciplines in the specified region of the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. At the same time, the forms of connections and mutual influences formed in the course of a general historical-pedagogical process between vocational and art-crafts education and in the unity of cultural-educational and educational-artistic processes reflected in the normative-legal base of national art education development were taken into account. Analysis of research results gives an opportunity to understand the trends in national art education development in Ukraine as part of the Russian Empire in connection with the current social processes.

Today in Russia serious attention is paid to the problems of the governmental and social-educational initiatives. The article highlights the governmental, public and pedagogical initiatives in the sphere of national education. Based on the analysis of the historical materials, the author highlights the content of the governmental, public and pedagogical initiatives in national education of the Arkhangelsk Governorate in the second half of the19 th century early 20 th century. The article shows the impact which the governmental, public and pedagogical initiatives had on national education of the Arkhangelsk Governorate in the second half of the19 th century early 20 th century. Two types of impact are noted: direct and indirect. The article specifies the variety of governmental, public and pedagogical initiatives in the Arkhangelsk Governorate. The impact of governmental, public and pedagogical initiatives is shown through the increased literacy level of the population, involvement of inhabitants in the process of national education, increased number of educational institutions and national libraries, stabilization of financial and social position of teachers, diversity of public involvements into the process of managing educational institutions, expansion of channels financing national education in legal terms etc. The article also characterizes the specific features of the Arkhangelsk Governorate, such as: absence of Zemstvos (local governments in prerevolutionary Russia), territorial remoteness of educational institutions from each other etc.

The following paper deals with the patriotic education system modeling at students of the university with the Cossack component. The concepts of patriotism and patriotic education are defined on the historical and philosophical basis of existing definitions. It was established that effective means for the formation of students’ patriotism is the cultural and historical values of the Cossacks in Russia and its best traditions, as this phenomenon gives a university a high potential for patriotic education of youth. The authors present an efficient model of the system of patriotic education of university students with the Cossack component in which methodological approaches such as system, activity, axiological ones are implemented. Their essential characteristics are described. The constructed model is designed to provide a comprehensive solution to many social and educational problems: the formation of professional readiness of graduates, healthy lifestyles, strengthening of civil-patriotic education, physical training, the formation of readiness to serve in the army. At the same time the effectiveness of education of patriotism among students is achieved by the unity of teaching and educational activity.

У статті розглянуто проблему фізичної підготовленості студентської молоді вищих навчальних закладів різних рівнів акредитації. Серед студентів Львівського національного університету імені Івана Франка (n=4636) і Медичного коледжу ЛНМУ імені Данила Галицького (n=327) проведено тести й нормативи щорічного оцінювання фізичної підготовленості, що відповідають їхньому віковому цензу. Проаналізовано рівень фізичної підготовленості студентів зазначених ВНЗ за гендерною ознакою, віком та курсами навчання. Дослідження дало змогу виявити що студенти-першокурсники Львівського національного університету імені Івана Франка мають нижчий рівень фізичної підготовленості, порівняно зі студентами старших курсів. Фізична підготовленість 34,47 % досліджуваних чоловічої статі та 42,55 % студентів жіночої статі університету перебуває на низькому рівні.
 Серед студентів Медичного коледжу ЛНМУ імені Данила Галицького встановлено зниження кількості студентів із достатнім рівнем ФП на 27 % і зростання на 30 % – із середнім рівнем від І по ІV курс. Отримано зниження якісної оцінки в тестових вправах на гнучкість та в бігу на короткі дистанції. Визначено низькі результати в студенток усіх курсів навчання у вправах «стрибок у довжину з місця й згинання-розгинання рук в упорі лежачи».
 Установлено, що малорухомий спосіб життя студентів університету та медичного коледжу, який спостерігаємо в студентської молоді, котра часто обмежується лише заняттями фізичним вихованням у ВНЗ (2 год на тиждень), що є значно нижчим від потреб молодого організму та негативно відображається на показниках фізичної підготовленості. Одержані результати ФП студентів мають стати важливим чинником у підвищенні мотивації студентів до систематичних занять фізичною культурою й спортом та оптимізації фізичного виховання у ВНЗ.

The article presents indicators of the powerlifting and kettlebell lifting influence on the power improvement of male students. The analysis of literature sources showed that to increase the level of power readiness, a significant number of students prefer powerlifting, and others - kettlebell lifting. Power exercises promote the development of students' important volitional and physical qualities, readiness for highly productive work; preservation and strengthening of health, maintenance of comprehensive harmonious development; acquiring of the necessary knowledge on the organization of physical education and sports training by young people; the realization of tasks of professionally-applied physical training taking into account features of the future professional activity, and improving skills in sports developing power.
 The aim of the article is to substantiate and test experimentally the efficiency of powerlifting and kettlebell lifting for the power improvement of male students in the physical education process. It is proved that the use of powerlifting promotes the development of maximum and absolute power, and kettlebell lifting promotes the development of endurance and the improvement of the physical performance of students, which is important for their future professional activity and life activity. The analysis of the physical fitness indicators of students, obtained in the process of a formative pedagogical experiment, convincingly showed the high efficiency of powerlifting and kettlebell lifting for the power development. The students of the experimental group significantly improved the indicators in five tests in physical training Р < 0,05–0,001.

Introduction. Determining the level of influence of physical culture and patriotic education in the context of caring for oneself, others and the state is an actual direction of modern pedagogical science. Physical education as a manifestation of a person's concern for himself, strengthening his health, forming stable life habits leads to an improvement in his physical condition, the development of self-awareness and self-discipline skills. The formation of caring for others through participation in physical education activities develops social competencies such as empathy, the ability to cooperate and collective responsibility, contributing to cohesion and interaction. Patriotic education through physical activity promotes awareness of the importance of a young person's personal contribution to social well-being and active participation in the life of the state, which increases his civic responsibility and patriotic self-awareness. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how care for self, others and the state can be integrated into physical education and patriotic education to contribute not only to the formation of a mature personality, but also to the sustainable development of Russian Federation. Scientific novelty lies in the authors’ development of a comprehensive approach to the study of physical culture and patriotic education, integrating personal (concern for oneself), social (concern for others) and state (concern for the state) aspects into a unified educational system. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study of physical education and patriotic education oriented towards caring for oneself, others and the state is based on the fundamental provisions of a number of scientific theories: personality theory, activity theory and physical education theory. In the course of the research, the authors relied on the key principles of scientific analysis, such as system-structural analysis, the principle of unity of consciousness and activity, the personal-activity approach and the principle of development of the subject through activity. These methodological approaches provided a holistic understanding of the process that integrates personal development with patriotic values and physical activity. The following methods were used in writing the article: analysis of literature and documents; analysis of basic concepts of the research; causal analysis of the studied phenomena; forecasting. Results. A conceptual analysis of the research by A. P. Tuzhilin and V. V. Koval showed that in the context of physical education, emphasis should be placed not only on improving the physical abilities of young people, but also on stimulating their spiritual, social and personal development. The authors of the article analyze the relationship between patriotic education of young people and caring for themselves, others and the state, considering it through the prism of value orientation, which contributes to the formation of a responsible and socially active citizen. Patriotic education integrates these aspects into a holistic worldview, where caring for one's own health and personal development acts as a foundation for supporting others and strengthening the state. By recognizing themselves as an integral part of a broader socio-political structure, the younger generation can develop a balanced approach to personal aspirations and social responsibilities. This contributes to the formation of a generation that is able to actively participate in shaping the future of its society and state, playing a key role in ensuring social harmony and promoting social progress. Discussion and conclusion. The problematics of taking care of oneself, others and the state within the framework of physical culture and patriotic education of Russian youth is a multifaceted research area significant for the formation of the modern young generation. At the individual level, the significance of strengthening the physical health of a young person and the formation of his/her sustainable motivation to lead a healthy lifestyle is emphasized. At the interpersonal level, attention is paid to the development of social competences and skills of interaction of young citizens in society. At the socio-governmental level, physical culture and patriotic education is focused on the development of civic responsibility and patriotic consciousness among young people for the defence of the homeland.

Relevance. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that moral and patriotic education is one of the elements of the formation of self-awareness in young people, as well as one of the directions of modern education. For education, the key task is to select and find a quality curriculum for the education of a harmonious personality. In this regard, this article aims to reveal topical issues related to the implementation of methods of moral and patriotic education in the educational sector of Kazakhstan. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to identify the key concept of moral and patriotic education, to analyze its impact on the education of the modern young generation of Kazakhstan. Methodology. The main directions of research are predetermined by the lack of theoretical and methodological development of this issue, its increasing practical relevance. The leading method for the study of this problem is to analyze the approaches of moral and patriotic education in the context of globalization, determining the need for their synthesis in the formation of a highly developed personality. Results. Based on the publications of other scientists in the field, formed their own conclusions, modeled the ways of further development of the educational sector. Materials of international specialists were studied, allowing a complex review of the importance of moral and patriotic education in modern conditions. As a result of the study the main methods of moral and patriotic education based on current trends in this area, scientific materials of popular specialists were highlighted. Conclusions. Materials of the article have practical value and can be used in the development of modern, improved methods of education and education of young people in Kazakhstan.

The research prominence lies in an increasing interest of the state in patriotic education and physical training of young people for homeland defenсe. There is an urgent today to reconstruct the ethnic model of patriotic education and its component, in particular military-and-patriotic education, identify the means of physical culture and sports (physical exercise; natural, artificial and hygienic factors) and justify their use under reforms in education following the needs and demands of the individual and the society in Ukraine. The research aims to theoretically justify and experimentally verify the effectiveness of military-and-patriotic education of young people using physical culture and sports based on ethnopedagogy, following neuropedagogical criteria of their psychophysical readiness for homeland defenсe. The authors of the research offer to introduce the specialized course on martial arts of Ukraine, which refers to the worldview and mindset of Ukrainians underlying the Ukrainian military (combat) culture, as well as strengthening and enhancement of neuropsychological properties and symptom complexes of character. The control group pupils (25) were taught based on the traditional system (they acquired and improved their knowledge, abilities and skills in preliminary military training). The experimental group pupils (25) purposefully studied the specialized course on the martial arts of Ukraine. Such methods as surveys, questionnaires, tests, interviews and observations were used to conduct neuropsychological diagnostics of young people’s readiness for homeland defenсe. In EG, the number of the respondents with a high level of psychophysical readiness for homeland defenсe has increased by 10.3%; the number of the respondents with an average level of psychophysical readiness for homeland defenсe has increased only by 2.2%; the number of the respondents with a low level of psychophysical readiness for homeland defenсe has decreased by 12.5%. Modern military-and-patriotic education of young people can be considered effective if the pedagogical model of military-and patriotic education using physical culture and sports and taking into account neuropsychological and neuropedagogical factors is integrated into the modern system of national education.

In the system of physical education and sports training, physical training is one of the main areas. It is aimed at creating a strong motor and functional base for all other types of training. Equally important is the significance of physical training in the system of education, upbringing, industrial work, in the national army, legislatures, health and medical institutions. The problem of physical training is especially considered in educational institutions of physical education, when studying a number of academic disciplines: the course of specialization, theory and methods of teaching a chosen sport, improving sports and pedagogical skills. An attempt is made to generalize the origins of the problem of physical fitness, its current state in the system of physical education and sports training, as well as development perspectives. Physical fitness and attempts to assess it have a long history, but its direction and content have changed in various formations. From military physical training in Ancient Greece, the gladiatorial system in Rome, knight education in the Middle Ages, the technological revolution in Modern times, physical training in our times in the system of physical education and sports training has received its scientific and practical proof as a specific concept and type of professional training.

The article deals with one of the aspects of development of the Tatar book of the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries, associated with the reform of the national school. The relevance of the topic is driven by the increased interest in recent years to the creation of educational literature and formation of new educational methods. The use of methodical and educational publications as an object of research is one of the directions in the national historical science.In the education system of the Tatars in the second half of the 19th century in the process of transition from the classical, purely religious approach in education to the new method, which included teaching the basics of the secular sciences, there were developed new programs and teaching aids, which were composed by teachers — practical trainers. Educators and experts actively discussed that literature at the meetings of pedagogical congresses and in the Tatar periodicals. Special commissions responsible for the preparation of such educational books were organized in Kazan, Omsk, Ufa and Buguruslan. The purpose of the present study is to identify and analyse such manuals. There were analysed the manuals compiled by the leading educators I. Gasprinsky, F. Karimi, M. Kurbangaliyev, F. Saifi, G. Yausheva, etc. The article considers the materials on the organization of new-method school, presents the programs for elementary school with the list of the subjects studied there and gives comparison of educational programs of the new-method school with the old-method one. The author uses historical-bibliological, functional and analytical-thematic methods of book analysis. The article presents the collected data from the documents of the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan, early printed books from the holdings of the Scientific Library of the Kazan Federal University, the National Library of the Republic of Tatarstan, as well as the modern research works on this topic. Basing on the analysis, the author determines the role of educational literature and curricula in the development of national education of the Tatars. The presented material allows to supplement the repertoire of the Tatar pre-revolutionary book, what is the practical significance of the article.

With the development of modern science and technology, sports training has begun to develop in the direction of new ideas, new technologies and new equipment. Wearable devices with wireless data transmission and real-time feedback functions are more and more widely used in sports training, providing a simpler and more scientific way to explore the biological significance of sports training. In this paper, the wearable Internet of Things is applied to the intelligent system simulation of physical training for sports majors. With the support of the Internet of Things technology, wearable devices can quickly capture the movement data of students' physical training and quickly transmit this information to the intelligent system of physical training for sports majors, so that the system can be updated in real time. Wearable devices are high-tech products developed in the context of big data. The use of wearable devices to achieve sports training and data collection is only an external manifestation of sports scientific monitoring. The collection and statistics of the original sports data obtained through more scientific information processing technology is the focus of sports scientific monitoring. At present, the use of wearable devices in sports training also has some measurement errors, which affect the validity and credibility of data. Data processing is not systematic and perfect, and the compatibility and connectivity are low. Statistical analysis is a common way to analyze sports training data at home and abroad. This paper discusses the physical training data based on the status update of the wearable object network and uses the optimized data processing method to improve the accuracy of the data.

The article examines the pedagogical views of one of the most prominent figures in Ukrainian physical education in the early 20th century, Taras Franko (1889–1971). It explores the key ideas and principles underlying his pedagogical work. It is revealed that Taras Franko’s monograph «History and Theory of Physical Exercise», published in 1923 in Kolomyia at the printing house of Adam Kisilevskyi and distributed by the «Sokil-Bat’ko» organization in Lviv, remains largely unexplored by contemporary researchers of Ukrainian pedagogy. Biographical information about the author of the scientific work is presented. The role of Ivan Boberskyi, the father of Ukrainian national physical education and founder of the «Sokil-Bat’ko» society, is outlined in the athletic and pedagogical career of Taras Shevchenko, not Taras Franko. According to a review by Nero-Khovyk, published in the Lviv newspaper «Dilo», the monograph «History and Theory of Physical Exercise» features a clear structure, comprising an introduction and sections on the history and theory of physical education. The introduction highlights the Ukrainians' limited understanding of the importance of physical education as a means to support their national struggle for statehood. It is established that physical education in the life of the Ukrainian people is a complex and multidimensional process that encompasses national, spiritual, physiological, and biological aspects. Modern scholars confirm the relevance of this holistic approach in shaping a healthy, harmonious, and patriotically conscious individual. It is summarized that health is possible only under the condition of the normal functioning of the human organs, as noted by Taras Franko. It is emphasized that the views expressed in his monograph align with the conceptual foundations of modern Ukrainian pedagogy and are consistent with the ideas of leading contemporary scholars and educators in the field of physical education. All of the above provide a solid basis for including Taras Franko among the founders of Ukrainian national pedagogy in the sphere of physical education and sports, alongside his brother Petro Franko. The article concludes that the contributions of both Taras and Petro Franko represent a significant part of Ukraine’s national intellectual heritage.