Abstract
BackgroundQuality of life (QoL) of patients has become a central evaluation parameter that also acts as an aid for decisions related to treatment strategies particularly for patients with chronic illnesses. In Germany, one of the newer instruments attempting to measure distinct QoL aspects is the "Herdecke Questionnaire for Quality of Life" (HLQ). In this study, we aimed to validate the HLQ with respect to its factorial structure, and to develop a short form. The validation has been carried out in relation to other questionnaires including the SF-36 Health Survey, the Mood-Scale Bf-S, the Giessen Physical Complaints Questionnaire GBB-24 and McGill's Pain Perception Scale SES.MethodsData for this study derived from a model project on the treatment of patients using naturopathy methods in Blankenstein Hospital, Hattingen. In total, 2,461 patients between the ages of 16 and 92 years (mean age: 58.0 ± 13.4 years) were included in this study. Most of the patients (62%) suffered from rheumatic diseases. Factorial validation of the HLQ, it's reliability and external consistency analysis and the development of a short form were carried out using the SPSS software.ResultsStructural analysis of the HLQ-items pointed to a 6-factor model. The internal consistency of both the long and the short version is excellent (Cronbach's α is 0.935 for the HLQ-L and 0.862 for the HLQ-S). The highest reliability in the HLQ-L was obtained for the "Initiative Power and Interest" scale, the lowest for the 2-item scales "Digestive Well-Being" and the "Physical Complaints". However, the scales found by factor analysis herein were only in part congruent with the original 5-scale model which was approved a multitrait analysis approach. The new instrument shows good correlations with several scales of other relevant QoL instruments. The scales "Initiative Power and Interest", "Social Interaction", "Mental Balance", "Motility", "Physical Complaints", "Digestive Well-Being" sufficiently differentiate the diagnostic groups, particularly between the patients suffering on connective tissue and soft tissue disorders from those with metabolic and nutritional disorders or hypersensitivity reactions.ConclusionBoth the factorial validation and the development of a consistent short-form of the HLQ are important steps forward for researchers in the field of QoL who wish to use the HLQ as a reliable and valid instrument. The results indicate that the HLQ is a unique QoL-instrument that can be used for both in-patient and out-patient-treatment. However, to improve to profile of the HLQ, there is still the need for strengthening the Questionnaire in the dimensions of physical well-being. This is the subject of a separate ongoing study.
Highlights
Quality of life (QoL) of patients has become a central evaluation parameter that acts as an aid for decisions related to treatment strategies for patients with chronic illnesses
The results indicate that the HLQ is a unique QoL-instrument that can be used for both in-patient and out-patient-treatment
The consideration of "quality of life" (QoL) in clinical studies and various attempts to make this construct measurable to determine therapeutic success is an ongoing process. This is the case in those therapeutic attempts that focus on integrative aspects of disease management that in turn offer holistic care including a variety of therapeutic directions
Summary
Quality of life (QoL) of patients has become a central evaluation parameter that acts as an aid for decisions related to treatment strategies for patients with chronic illnesses. The consideration of "quality of life" (QoL) in clinical studies and various attempts to make this construct measurable to determine therapeutic success is an ongoing process This is the case in those therapeutic attempts that focus on integrative aspects of disease management that in turn offer holistic care including a variety of therapeutic directions. The QoL has become a central evaluation parameter It simultaneously acts as an aid for decisions on the choice of treatment strategy for chronically ill patients [1], which is obviously a challenging therapeutic aim, and is at least as significant as somatic parameters [2]. In the course of this development, the concept of QoL is explicitly listed as outcome parameter in many medical societies' guidelines [3]
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