The Golden Decade of university museums development in China: Concept, profiles, and issues

During the last several years, the building and development of digital museums has grown in importance as a study issue of increasing importance. On the other hand, systematic and extensive literature study on digital museums is rare in the academic community throughout the world. This paper employs data mining technology to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the total amount of academic literature, research hotspots, frontiers, and trends in the field of digital museums in China since the beginning of the twenty-first century, including both historical and contemporary data. In this research, the CNIK database and the CiteSpace program are utilized. The findings revealed that the quantity of published literature expanded significantly between 2000 and 2021, with some variations along the way, but that the general growth rate remained consistent. Colleges and universities are the driving force behind academic research in the field of digital museums; research institutes and big museums play a key part in the academic research that is being conducted by digital museums. Cooperation between research institutes, on the other hand, is severely lacking. Furthermore, the advancement of digital technology is an unavoidable byproduct of the efforts to transform the digital museum into a smart museum, as previously said. When it comes to digital museum development in the postepidemic period, the optimization and updating of a user-centered information service platform is the most important step toward long-term success. In order to maintain the richness of Chinese traditional culture while also meeting the expanding cultural requirements of the general public, China's digital museum research has as its ultimate objective the construction of sustainable digital museums that are appropriate for the country's national conditions. The findings also demonstrate that the construction of a Chinese Digital Museum is a study issue with distinct Chinese features that has the potential to contribute to the preservation of Chinese cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible. This research gives insights into the following aspects: researchers and practitioners from across the world will work together to promote a better knowledge of the building and growth of the digital museum in China, among other things.

Research on the development of robot exhibits in science and technology museums in China: based on the data analysis of the survey of free open science and technology museums in China

Background. The 20s of the 20th century was a “golden decade” for creating a new linguistic face of Ukraine, which in linguistics was marked by a surge in the creation of terminological dictionaries of various branches of science and special spheres of professional activity. This type of practical linguistic activity ensured the distancing of the Ukrainian language from the structure of Russian, made it possible to overcome the dependence on the language of the empire in linguistic practice, and contributed to the development of lexical, terminological, grammatical and word-forming resources of the Ukrainian language for various spheres of communication.Scientists still have not established the exact number of terminological dictionaries published at that time because even today, we find new lexicographical works, such as the “Terminological miscellany of the Ministry of Ways. P⁰1” (Kyiv: Printing House of the Ministry of Ways, 1918), which became the object of scientific research in this article.Сontribution to the research field. Lexicographical monument of the Ukrainian language at the beginning of the 20th century. “Terminological miscellany of the Ministry of Ways. P⁰1” is introduced into the linguistic circulation for the first time. Thanks to the found and researched monument of the Ukrainian language, the present study may contribute to a more complete description of Ukrainian terminology and lexicography at the beginning of the 20th century.In the article, the miscellany-dictionary is analyzed regarding the language policy and language planning of the Ukrainian National People’s Republic. The lexical material is described from the point of view of the Ukrainian language at the beginning of the 20th century. Special attention is paid to the spelling practice of the monument because it is about the period of searching for a unified spelling system for the all-Ukrainian literary language.The combination of findings provides some support for the conceptual opinion that the language policy of the Ukrainian People’s Republic was wellthought-out, well-planned, and contributed to overcoming dependence on the language of the former tsarist empire and the establishment of the multi-functionality of the Ukrainian language.One of the issues arising from the article’s conclusions is quite debatable: whether the Ukrainian language would have a different vector of development, other systemic characteristics, or examples of deformation of linguistic thinking if it were not for the repeated destructive influence of the Russian language already in Soviet times.Purpose. To find out the significance of the compilation of the formation and development of the Ukrainian literary language for the national terminology and lexicography of the relevant time, determine its role as an instrument of the language policy of the Ukrainian People’s Republic.Methods. The article relies primarily on the descriptive method, modeling and interpretation method for searching, systematizing, summarizing, and explaining the obtained data. The comparative-historical method, comparative method, and the analysis of dictionary definitions were partly applied.Results. “Terminological miscellany of the Ministry of Ways. P⁰1” became the forerunner of terminological and technical academic dictionaries of the 20s-30s of the 20th century. It reproduces information both from the field of technical knowledge and from the field of record keeping and contemporary life; it is a unique source of evidence not only about the lexical richness of the Ukrainian language but also about the linguistic thinking of Ukrainians, about the contemporary society — its intellectual, cultural, political and social and economic existence. The dictionary-miscellany, despite its small volume — 64 pages, panoramically reproduces the search for ways of further development of the Ukrainian language in the tumultuous and tragic decades of Ukrainian history, the search for the principles of preservation, enrichment, and normalization of the language system at all its levels.Discussion. “Terminological miscellany of the Ministry of Ways. P⁰1” is a monument of the Ukrainian language of the beginning of the 20th century, which surprises with its unusualness and wealth of expressive means, the courage, and originality of the Ukrainian-centric worldview, the thoughtfulness of the implementation of the language policy of the Ukrainian National People’s Republic as its tool. Realizing the need to study the Ukrainian language as a linguistic phenomenon and understanding the value of monuments of the Ukrainian language, especially those to which access of linguists was closed during the times of the Ukrainian SSR, we consider it necessary to find such works and put them into scientific circulation, and make them public.

Purpose: To reveal the impact mechanism of rural museum intervention on the construction of local identity of rural community residents, and provide practical reference for the protection and utilization of rural cultural identity. Methods: This study takes the Weijiapo Rural Museum in Luoyang, China as the research object, uses participatory observation and in-depth interview methods, and explains the specific characteristics of rural community resident identity construction through identity process theory (IPT). Results: (1) The impact of the intervention of rural museums on rural areas is reflected in four aspects: local spatial reconstruction, transformation of livelihood methods, reconstruction of social relationships, and evolution of cultural customs; (2) under the influence of rural museum construction, the representation of community residents’ identity has shown complex characteristics, with both positive and negative impacts coexisting; (3) the local identity of community residents affects their perception and attitude towards the construction of rural museums.

In China, there is a crisis of rural cultural heritage inheritance due to urbanization. The traditional cultural inheritance modes such as building museums may not satisfy the needs of wide and fast culture transmission, communication, and inheritance. However, the virtual museum may provide new solutions. Nowadays, China has essential social-economic conditions for virtual museum construction but lacks sustainable modes for virtual museums supporting rural cultural heritage inheritance. In this study, we adopted the theoretical analysis method, expert argumentative method, and combined with virtual museum technology analysis to design an appropriate mode for the cultural heritage’s inheritance in rural areas. We built a demonstrational virtual museum for the Mt. Mogan government according to this mode, adopted a comparative analysis and questionnaire survey to verify, and assess the application effects of the mode. Results show that the inheritance mode of rural cultural heritage based on the virtual museum has advantages of larger exhibition scale and wider scope of cultural transmission and communication with less input, and this mode’s operation is steady and sustainable. The inheritance crisis of rural cultural heritage needs reasonable solutions, and our results can be a guideline for building virtual museums in rural areas to promote wide, fast, and sustainable cultural inheritance.

In order to better serve the construction and development of museum websites in developing countries, and based on the user's online experience perspective, an analytic hierarchy process suitable for the construction of a museum website for developing counties utility index evaluation system was used to measure the official websites of 115 national first-class museums in China, and reflect the level of museum website construction and service levels. The results revealed the following: there were obvious differences in the level of a Chinese museum construction sites, showing an overall Rugby-type distribution situation; content completeness and update speed are the most important factors that affect the measurement of the museum website's utility index, which fully reflects the importance of the comprehensiveness, accuracy and timeliness of the website information in the construction of a museum website; the influence is that museum websites are generally weak, with limited spread and power, and fails to form a large positive social influence; the construction problems are mainly concentrated in the two aspects of technology and operation. The display, safety and security technology of the museum website content is relatively backward, and most of the website backgrounds rarely have professionals for daily visitor interaction and operation, and maintenance. The results of the index measured by this system not only allows museum personnel to clearly understand the gaps in the development of museum websites, but also provides more clear requirements for future personnel to design, build and improve the overall usefulness of the website or a single utility index in a targeted manner, which has important guiding significance and practical value.

Research Article| March 01 2014 Road Map Dan Mills Dan Mills Cartography and maps became a topic of interest to Dan Mills around 1992, the quintcentennial of, um, . . . (insert euphemism here). Since that time, maps have been a primary subject of his work. Mills has had solo shows recently at the Chicago Cultural Center, Zolla/Lieberman Gallery in Chicago, Sherry Frumkin Gallery in Santa Monica, Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts Museum in China, and a number of academic institutions. His work is frequently included in group exhibitions at institutions throughout the US. In 2009, Perceval Press, Santa Monica, published Dan Mills, The US Future States Atlas. His work is in collections including the British Library, University of California Los Angeles, Harvard University, JPMorgan Chase, Library of Congress, and John D. & Catherine C. MacArthur Foundation. Mills lives and works in Maine, where he is Director of the Bates College Museum of Art. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google English Language Notes (2014) 52 (1): 119. https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-52.1.119 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Dan Mills; Road Map. English Language Notes 1 March 2014; 52 (1): 119. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-52.1.119 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsEnglish Language Notes Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 2014 Regents of the University of Colorado2014 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Portfolio: Map Artists You do not currently have access to this content.

The Cuihua rock avalanche, which has been very well preserved for thousands of years, is known as a geological museum in China. It includes a stone sea, residual cliffs, and a dammed lake that occupies a total area of 0.83 km2. Historically, it was viewed as a “royal garden” within this region of China. Now, it is one of the most famous sightseeing spots in Xi’an. Recent field investigations, discrete element method (DEM), and lichen dating have revealed some interesting information about the rock avalanche features. Results show that the Cuihua rock avalanche coincided with an ancient earthquake of 780 bc that triggered the landslide. Structural planes (e.g., joints in the granite) and topographic amplification (e.g., hill or steep slope) were among the conditions that were favorable for the occurrence of the rock avalanche. The features of the Cuihua rock avalanche (e.g., Shuiqiu Pool, Cuihua Peak, Wind Cave, Ice Cave) have great value as tourist attractions and are surrounded by other features (e.g., rock sword, stone statue of Taiyi God, stone camel, stone toad) that can be visualized by visitors with an aesthetic imagination. In addition, the geologic features are of high scientific significance for researchers interested in earthquake-induced landslides.

Museum space narrative continues to develop today. The exhibition is not only a means of display but also a means of narrative. Paying attention to the narrative means we must pay attention to the energy "field" of the spatial narrative. In the spatial field, an object with some internal force exerts a force on the object it is not touching, and the latter responds to that force, and the two interact and form an energy field. This also means the spatial narrative design must establish a more diverse relationship between exhibits. Exhibits must be appropriately combined according to the narrative logic, and the relationship between exhibits and space, exhibits, and audience must also become more dynamic, flexible, and dramatic. Currently, there is little research on the energy "field" in the narrative design of museum spaces. In the past, the monotonous experience of a museum has been that each space is neat and uniform, which can easily lead to aesthetic fatigue. The relatively simple narrative form of the museum leads to the problem of low audience experience and participation. It cannot meet modern people's museum experience and spiritual pursuit needs. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the representation of its energy field by using the theory of spatial narrative, and especially to explore how the concept of "field" can be used to explore the relationship between space and the narrative of Hunan Provincial Museum. This study adopts the method of field investigation, and the exhibition of the Mawangdui Han Tomb in the Hunan Provincial Museum is the focus of the study. Documenting the components of the energy field: exhibits, exhibition Spaces, and narratives. The analysis results show that the museum is the place of spatial narrative, and the space is both the coordinator and the result of the generation of the exhibition structure, which gathers scattered energy together to build a complete energy field. Paying attention to the display of the energy field can improve the audience's experience and participation, which proves to be beneficial to the long-term development of the museum.

Summary. The end of the XIX – the beginning of the XX century is an active period of "museum construction" in Central and Eastern Europe in the context of national revival, including nations of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1905 the "Church Museum" was established on the initiative and with the financial and organizational support of Metropolitan of Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church A. Sheptytsky. This institution later grew into a powerful museum of Ukrainian art and became one of the centers of Ukrainian culture in the interwar period of 1918‒1939. After some time this museum became known as the National Museum in Lviv. An active scientific and fund work took place in parallel with the organizational and financial component of the museum activity. The scientific and fund work included the replenishment of the Museum with new exhibits and collections, their study and attribution, conservation and proper preservation as well as popularization among the general Ukrainian public. Well-known Ukrainian scientists-museologists of that time I. Sventsitsky, ethnographer V. Shukhevych, I. Gurgula worked on replenishment and systematization of rich and various in their thematic direction fund collections of the Museum. Many valuable artifacts of the Museum were donated by M. Pavlyk, F. Kolessa, I. Franko, I. Trush, O. Sushko and others. In total, more than 37.000 items were donated during the first 25 years of the museum՚s activity, including masterpieces of art, old prints, epistolary heritage, applied and decorative arts, etc. The methodological basis of the article is formed by the principles of historicism, objectivity and critical approach. Scientific novelty. For the first time, various aspects of the scientific and fund work of the National Museum in Lviv during the mentioned period were comprehensively analyzed on the basis of unpublished sources.Conclusions. Thus, the National Museum in Lviv carried out active research and fund work from the beginning of its foundation in 1905 until 1939, systematically replenishing its collections with invaluable monuments of Ukrainian art and history effectively promoting the preservation of the historical and cultural heritage of Ukraine for future generations. At the same time, meticulous scientific work was carried out related to the preservation and conservation of the rich museum fund.

The purpose of this research is to explore the factors influencing the self-improvement process of museums in China and to conduct empirical analyses based on multiple linear regression models. As core institutions for inheriting and displaying cultural heritage and enhancing public cultural literacy, museums’ self-improvement is of great significance in promoting cultural development, optimizing the supply of public cultural services, and enhancing social influence. This paper constructs a multiple linear regression model for the influencing factors of museum self-improvement by integrating several key variables, including emerging cultural and museum business (EF), institutional reform (SR), research and innovation level (RIL), management level (ML), and the museum cultural and creative industry (MCCI). The study employs scientific methods such as literature review, data collection, and data analysis to thoroughly explore the internal logic of museum operations and development. Through multiple linear regression analyses, it quantifies the specific influence and relative importance of each factor on the level of museum self-improvement. The results indicate that the management level (ML) is the dominant factor among the variables studied, exerting the most significant influence on museum self-improvement. Based on these empirical findings, this paper provides an in-depth analysis of the specific factors affecting museum self-improvement in China, offering solid theoretical support and practical guidance for the sustainable development of museums.

This article is dedicated to solving the actual scientific problem about the legislative foundations of museum construction. The materials of Imperial Tomsk University make it possible to examine the application of such important act documents as the University Charter of 1863 and the tsarist decree on the opening of the university in Tomsk in 1888. The authors analyze the content of the legislativ acts, find out the list of museums allowed by the authorities. The historical paradox in the museum history of Tomsk University is revealed. According to the University Charter of 1863, there were four faculties in Russian universities as a rule. They created rooms and museums of zoology, mineralogy, botany, anatomy, history and archaeology. These museums also were planned at Tomsk University during its foundation in 1878. Following the law, the head of the construction committee professor V.M. Florinskiy founded the Archaeological Museum at Tomsk University in 1882. However, the opening of Imperial Tomsk University took place in 1888 and only single medical faculty was opened. On the basis of provisional states, university museums of zoology, mineralogy, botany and anatomy were financed from the state treasury. The Archaeological Museum was out of state, and F.M. Florinskiy himself provided its work. He attracted donations in the form of money and museum collections, formed rich funds for archaeology, ethnography, and history. Without any outside support, he made and published a catalogue in three volumes of the Archaeological Museum. Therefore, he transformed the university’s museum into one of the most famous in Russia. Four other museums relied on state support as well as charity. They were equipped well and provided with money for scientific expeditions to collect museum subjects. Prominent researchers such as botanists S.I. Korzhinskiy and P.N. Krylov, geologist A.M. Zaitsev zoologist N.F. Kashchenko and anatomist N.M. Maliev worked in the university museums. The government's decision to allow females to work in the museums played an important part in the personnel provision of the university museums. In 1916, two graduates of the Siberian Higher Women's Courses, T. Tripolitova and E. Kiselyova, were admitted to the botanical and zoological museums of Imperial Tomsk University. At the end of the article, the authors admit that the legislative regulation of museum science at Imperial Tomsk University in the late 19th and early 20th century had some shortcomings. But complete rejection of laws issued before 1917 had an adverse effect on Tomsk University’ museums of Soviet era.

The goal of the work has been to assess the factors that led to the series of landslides, which ravaged the District of Kodagu situated in the mountainous Western Ghats, in 2018. The work has been accomplished through field investigations and analysis of field data. While commonly, studies in India lay emphasis on the geological aspects and anthropogenic factors associated with landslides, the present work intended to study in detail the hydrological aspects of the disaster, which wreaked havoc in the region characterised by deep soils, very heavy rainfall and a dense vegetation cover. All the slides of significant magnitude along a 25-km stretch of the Payaswini valley, draining the western slopes of the Madikeri hill range, were identified, and their land characteristics delineated using field surveys and maps. Soil characteristics of the region were determined through tests on samples collected from ten slide sites. Results from tests on texture, density and permeability were used to learn about the part played by subsurface water. Characteristics of rainfall during the year were investigated using field data from the worst affected region. Studies on progress of the Monsoon rain, an analysis of probability of extreme values and establishment of intensity–duration relationships were accomplished. A variable source area watershed model incorporating MODFLOW, the popular ground water flow simulation model, has been applied on a typical micro-catchment in order to study the growth of the saturated zone during rains. It has been inferred from the investigations that an unprecedented combination of extremely wet catchment and a very heavy spell of rainfall, rather than any commonly attributed factor, has been the primary cause of the disaster in the district. It is concluded that it would be a futile exercise working on this natural phenomenon devoid of extensive field studies, because of the uniqueness of the region.

The article is based on the analysis of data from the inventory book of the church-archaeological museum at the Orthodox Kholmsky Holy Mother of God Brotherhood. Orthodox brotherhoods were formed in the cities of Southwestern and Western Rus’ in the 16th-17th centuries. The brotherhoods were engaged in cultural and educational work among the Orthodox population. The Holy Mother of God Brotherhood was founded in 1879 after the reunification of the Uniates with the Orthodox faith. In 1882, a museum was opened at the brotherhood. The Brotherhood and its museum were evacuated to Moscow in 1915. In 1917, the Brotherhood ceased to exist. The museum’s inventory book, preserved intact, covers the museum’s receipts from October 1914 to May 1915. The names of the contributors, the typology and origin of the receipts, and the degree of their popularity in modern science are analyzed. The inventory book is an interesting source of the last months of the existence of the Kholm province, the youngest region (since 1912) within the Russian Empire, the topography of Orthodox churches, activists of the Orthodox cultural movement and museum construction.

Stained Glass Windows from Grodziec. Part I The group of 14 stained glass windows from Grodziec (Groditzberg, Groditzburg) near Zlotoryja in the Lower Silesia provides an interesting illustration of Polish and Silesian monuments’ intricate fortunes after the end of World War II. In December 1945, one part of the group (8 panels) landed in Krakow. At first, it became the property of the Wawel State Art Collection. Then, it was transferred to the Jagiellonian University Museum, by which it is still owned. In 1966, the other part of the group (6 panels) was made over to the Silesian Museum, later called the National Museum in Wroclaw. The stained glass windows from Grodziec constitute also an example of interesting issues from the fields of art conservation studies, museology and restoration. The panels of stained glass from the beginning of the 15th century, representing Madonna and Child, Man of Sorrows, Virgin Mary and the Angel Gabriel, Apostles and Saints in architectural frames, became part of the decor of the castle in Grodziec, of a baroque palace situated at the feet of the castle hill and of one pavilion in the palace park. Gradually reconstructed from the beginning of the 19th century and then, in the years 1906–1908, rebuilt in the romantic style by B. Ebhard, the castle started being decorated with stained glass windows in the 1830s. Six sections from the group have already been exhibited in the rooms of the Krakow Jagiellonian University Museum for many years. In the course of historical research, it has turned out that presumably also other stained glass windows, currently belonging to the University Museum, come from Grodziec: twelve smaller sections representing the Passion and the scene of Saint Clare’s death, from ca. 1490, made in the Nuremberg workshop of Michael Wolgemut, and two Late Renaissance stained glass windows representing the figures of Saint Peter and Saint James, from a Rhineland workshop. The fourteen medieval stained glass windows of Austrian origins, coming from Grodziec and now belonging to the Krakow and Wroclaw museums’ collections, currently undergo physical and chemical analysis. Historical research is also being conducted thanks to the financial support of the National Science Centre. Three sections from the Wroclaw collection were already preserved and restored in 2013 thanks to a grant from the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, another three underwent conservation in the conservation studio of The Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow in the years 2013 and 2014.