The Globe in Glass Town: Mobilities, Textual and Terrestrial

Reviewed by: Présence du roman gothique anglais dans les premiers romans de George Sand by Marilyn Mallia Tessa Nunn Mallia, Marilyn. Présence du roman gothique anglais dans les premiers romans de George Sand. Classiques Garnier, 2018. Pp 281. ISBN: 978-2-406-07451-9. 36€ (paper). George Sand's appropriation and reworking of the English Gothic novel constitute a series of techniques that the novelist employed to expose social issues and propose solutions corresponding to her ideals. Marilyn Mallia's monograph Présence du roman gothique anglais dans les premiers romans de George Sand investigates how Sand's use of gothic devices shaped her novels published between 1832 and 1843, which, in consequence, gave a breath of fresh air to the waning gothic genre. In a similar vein as Anne Radcliffe, Sand manipulates the Gothic genre to reveal and critique structural misogyny. Mallia examines how Sand reworked three aspects of the Gothic novel—the double, the Gothic journey, and the Gothic denouement of marriage or death—to engage with political issues and create autonomous female characters who struggle toward a legitimate position in society. Recognizing certain Gothic devices supporting a standstill in women's liberation from ideological constraints, Mallia is careful to avoid exaggerating the feminist (avant la lettre) traits in Sand's novels. Shining light on the social construction of antipodal excesses, the Gothic double or doppelganger allowed Sand to explore multiple facets constituting femininity, to create situations impossible for women under the Napoleonic Code, and to advocate for transgressive passions. In the novels Mallia studies, exceptionally ethereal or intransigent heroines never succeed in obtaining their objectives, thereby revealing the novelist's conception of a harmonious ideal of intelligent, active, sensual women. Physical and geographical mobility are paramount for the heroines of Sand's early novels. Whereas numerous scholars have examined the Gothic sites in Sand's oeuvre, Mallia focuses on the Gothic nature of the protagonists' itineraries. Following Isabelle Naginski's lead, Mallia demonstrates how Sand combined generic markers of the rite-of-passage novel and the Gothic novel, particularly in Consuelo, through the obstacles overcome during formative journeys. These peripatetic quests for freedom or the power to act favor situations for Sand's [End Page 226] heroines to take on mentally and physically active roles in their trajectories, often allowing them to save themselves instead of withering as passive victims. Furthermore, the parallel transformative expeditions completed by the hero and heroine, which Mallia analyzes in Mauprat, Consuelo and La Comtesse de Rudolstadt, suggest the possibility of egalitarian, collaborative relations between the two sexes. In contrast, female isolation in Sand's earlier novels, Indiana and Lélia, endows the title characters with less power to act. Mallia not only successfully demonstrates the ideological implications of Sandian peregrinations but also puts them in dialogue with those in English Gothic novels. The challenge of negotiating the Gothic denouement provided Sand with an optimal space for interrogating restrictions on women and proposing alternative conditions. In Sand's novels as well as in English Gothic novels, particularly Radcliffe's, the heroines' and anti-heroines' adventures conclude either in marriage or, as is often the case for transgressive or passive protagonists, in punishment. Sand's early novels do not detail definitive solutions; rather, through seemingly utopic or dystopic endings, the novels instigate debates aimed at ameliorating social and political problems. This final point which Mallia emphasizes is central for understanding Sandian idealism. In addition to investigating Sand's generic innovations, Mallia seeks to expand the notion of rewriting in the Gothic genre's Anglo-European dialogues. She argues that Sand enriched this exchange by weaving together Romantic and Gothic elements to create an experimental, hybrid genre. Making an important contribution to Romanticism studies, Mallia demonstrates how Sand used the Gothic genre, in particular the Radcliffian heroine or anti-heroine, to reappropriate the androcentric French Romantic novel as Sand's female protagonists display Romantic sensibilities and struggle with the mal du siècle. Mallia identifies a genealogy among the characters present in Sand's novels, the English Gothic, and Romanticism revealing the generic influences on Sand's work as well as her contributions to expanding the possibilities of both Romanticism and the...

Northanger Abbey is one of Jane Austen's six novels which contains rich connotation and profound implication. Female education is the theme of the novel. With the help of Gothic novels, Austen interprets the theme of female education in the framework of Catherine and Henry's love and marriage story, and explores how young men and women find their own marriage partners under the pressure of society and the times. Jane Austen expressed her progressive view of female education. She thinks that only relying on parents' education at home can not cultivate mature and rational qualified women. They also need to step into the society and read novels to get personal growth in these activities of communicating with others. In Austen's time, a popular educational concept strongly advocates that women should receive family education to ensure their physical and mental purity, and believes that novels will corrupt their hearts and lead them astray. Austen's view is progressive and positive at that time. She points out the importance of rationality to emotion and imagination, and defends the art of fiction including Gothic novels.

Sayyid Qutb: An Intellectual Biography

In the middle of the nineteenth century, Marcus Clarke famously described the Australian outback as displaying a 'Weird Melancholy' (qtd. in Gelder 116). The strange sights, sounds, and experiences of Australia’s rural locations made them ripe for the development of the European genre of the Gothic in a new location, a mutation which has continued over the past two centuries. But what does it mean for Australia’s Gothic landscapes to be associated with the affective qualities of the melancholy? And more particularly, how and why does this Gothic effect (and affect) appear in the most accessible Gothic media of the twenty-first century, the television series? Two recent Australian television adaptations, Wake in Fright (2017, dir. Kriv Stenders) and Mystery Road (2018, dir. Rachel Perkins) provoke us to ask the question: how does their pictorial representation of the Australian outback and its inhabitants overtly express rage and its close ties to melancholia, shame and violence? More particularly, I argue that in both series this rage is turned inwards rather than outwards; rage is turned into melancholy and thus to self-destruction – which constructs an allegory for the malaise of our contemporary nation. However, here the two series differ. While Wake in Fright posits this as a never-ending narrative, in a true Freudian model of melancholics who fail to resolve or attend to their trauma, Mystery Road is more positive in its positioning, allowing the themes of apology and recognition to appear, both necessary for reparation and forward movement.

From The Editors

ABSTRACTMobility, including migration and travel, influences risk of HIV. This study examined time trends and characteristics among mobile youth (15–24 years) in rural Uganda, and the relationship between mobility and risk factors for HIV. We used data from an annual household census and population-based cohort study in the Rakai district, Uganda. Data on in-migration and out-migration were collected among youth (15–24 years) from 43 communities from 1999 to 2011 (N = 112,117 observations) and travel among youth residents from 2003 to 2008 (N = 18,318 observations). Migration and travel were more common among young women than young men. One in five youth reported out-migration. Over time, out-migration increased among youth and in-migration remained largely stable. Primary reasons for migration included work, living with friends or family, and marriage. Recent travel within Uganda was common and increased slightly over time in teen women (15–19 years old), and young adult men and women (20–24 years old). Mobile youth were more likely to report HIV-risk behaviours including: alcohol use, sexual experience, multiple partners, and inconsistent condom use. Our findings suggest that among rural Ugandan youth, mobility is increasingly common and associated with HIV-risk factors. Knowledge of patterns and characteristics of a young, high-risk mobile population has important implications for HIV interventions.

Reviewed by: Lanford Wilson: Early Stories, Sketches, and Poems ed. by David A. Crespy Jeff Grace Lanford Wilson: Early Stories, Sketches, and Poems. Edited by David A. Crespy. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2017. pp. xi + 251. 7 illustrations. $45.00 hardcover. Lanford Wilson: Early Stories, Sketches, and Poems, edited by David A. Crespy, is an excellent collection of work featuring eighteen short stories and twenty-three poems written by Pulitzer Prize–winning playwright Lanford Wilson. The most thrilling accomplishment of this book is that it brings to light a selection of work previously unpublished, until now; after Wilson passed away in 2011, all his papers were donated to the Special Collections Library at the University of Missouri-Columbia, where Crespy teaches playwriting. Owing many accolades to Crespy's fervent editorial labor, this remarkable collection will be received [End Page 220] with tremendous excitement by enthusiasts of Wilson's work. Crespy begins the book with an introductory essay that offers a concise overview of Wilson's biography, including his upbringing in rural Missouri, his various travels, and his critical expansion as a writer. Readers will quickly notice that most of the selections are left undated, but Crespy asserts they were written between 1955 and 1964, a period when Wilson was still developing his voice as a young author, and years before his success as a flourishing playwright. The book's introduction also includes a preliminary analysis of each short story that draws comparisons between the characters, descriptions, and plots of these early writings and those found in Wilson's later works. The intersection between Wilson's prose and the development of his more mature dramatic dialogue establishes a clear foundation for future exploration and research by both students and scholars. The collection is presented in five sections that organize the writings by either a common theme or a stylistic approach. Beginning with "Section 1: Six Stories," Wilson offers a nostalgic view of adolescence and the various types of people one might encounter as a young adult. He writes beautifully about topics such as a boy's remembrances of visiting his grandmother, encountering threatening neighbor children, befriending a hobo in Central Park, and noisily confronting naked apartment dwellers. With magnificently crafted character descriptions and scenarios that seem mysteriously familiar, Wilson stirs his reader's imagination while simultaneously reminding them of the innocence, and occasional pain, that accompanies youth. The most notable story in this section, "Miss Misty," is a complex, yet superbly written examination of gender identity. The story features two friends attempting to help a drag queen rehearse "masculine" mannerisms in order to appease her wealthy father. Here, before becoming a playwright known for championing the outcast and exposing the plight of gay people, Wilson, who was himself gay, reveals his early interest in openly and sincerely writing about characters struggling to cope with the social forces of oppression. "Section 2: Travels to and from the City" includes three longer stories that explore the sentiments of independence and isolation. In both "The Water Commissioner" and "Fish Kite," Wilson presents the eye-opening adventures of young men who travel away from their homes in the country to visit, and attempt to find employment in, larger cities. Perhaps reminiscent of his own journey from Missouri to San Diego, and then eventually on to Chicago and New York City, Wilson reflects on the differences between rural and urban life, two subjects commonly found in many of his subsequent dramas. The third story in this section, "The Train to Washington," feels slightly out of place when compared to [End Page 221] the others. This is possibly because the travels of the characters are described as something they long for rather than presented as an immediate event in which the action occurs. The story illustrates the heartbreak experienced by an eight-year-old boy when he discovers that a heated encounter between his prostitute mother and his uncle will prevent him from escaping the city to spend the summer in rural Virginia with his beloved grandmother. The next two parts, "Section 3: Sketches of Town Life" and "Section 4: Sketches of City Life" include two micro-stories and seven pieces of flash fiction. As in...

David M. Stewart. <i>Reading and Disorder in Antebellum America</i>.

Reviewed by: Davenport’s Version, and: Not So the Chairs: Selected and New Poems Stephen C. Behrendt (bio) John Gery , Davenport’s Version, Portals Press Donald Finkel , Not So the Chairs: Selected and New Poems, Mid-List Press The first Gothic novel appeared in 1763, when the English aristocrat and literary dilettante Horace Walpole published The Castle of Otranto. In that novel's first edition, Walpole introduced one of the most venerable of fictional subterfuges, the so-called "found manuscript." A nameless fictional "editor" reports in a prefatory essay that he has discovered a mysterious old, unattributed manuscript dating, he believes, from early Renaissance Italy and whose curious nature and sensational story has motivated him to edit and publish it. The tale, full of crumbling castles, mysterious apparitions, mistaken identities, lascivious old men, endangered young women, and heroic young men, was of course Walpole's invention, a fact that he admitted in a new preface when the novel went into a second edition. The device has become ubiquitous in our own time, and not just in Gothic tales any more, but also in mainstream literature and, perhaps more notoriously, in journalistic phenomena like the stories attributed to "unnamed sources." [End Page 188] John Gery has taken up this framing device in Davenport's Version, a long and wonderfully engaging pseudo-historical tale set in New Orleans during the Civil War. For Gery, a widely-published poet and cultural critic, a long poem of this sort marks both a departure from and an extension of his previous work, in which the intersection of history and human affairs have figured prominently. Gery trumps Walpole (and others, like the Coleridge of "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner") in his handling of the framing device, however, embedding the tale within not just one but several fictional and metafictional frames. His own prefatory essay, "A Brief History of the Poem," introduces him as a well-known but harried "poet and teacher" up for promotion in an English department and worrying about the associate dean's ominous hint that his "faltering status on the faculty" stems from the administration's view that his "scholarly output did not really suit the direction of the college" (p. 10). Into his office wanders a strange, twitchy, conspiratorial man, a teller at a local New Orleans bank, with a tale to tell of an old man with indefinable accent who had plagued him at the bank and subsequently enticed him to his filthy and derelict French Quarter residence, where the old man entrusted to the teller an ancient manuscript, telling him he would know what to do with it. The teller wants the poet-professor to read the manuscript, but the busy writer, with too much already on his mind, responds dismissively and the teller disappears, never to return. The mail soon brings a fat envelope with no return address. It is, of course, the mysterious manuscript, which the professor glances at and then shoves into a stack of papers where it languishes for a year. One day, struggling with writer's block, he pulls out the manuscript and becomes intrigued – indeed obsessed – with the verse tale of a curious relationship among New Orleans figures, centering upon a woman called Bressie LaRouché and told from the perspective of a Federal officer during the city's occupation by Farragut's forces during the Civil War. So far, so good. The professor-poet now edits the manuscript, he tells us, regularizing spellings and generally "cleaning it up" as unintrusively as possible. But he also tells us that among the manuscript pages is an excerpt "copied from a letter by Lafcadio Hearn to his friend H. E. Krehbiel" and describing a mystical sort of poetical prose that is neither antique Greek nor Sanskrit but something powerfully fanciful. Also in the manuscript are a pair of epigraphs (from Chaucer and Crane), but none of these materials, the "editor" tells us, goes very far toward solving "the mystery behind thus poem" (p. 10), which he says he has decided on his own to call Davenport's Version, an enigmatic title that communicates nothing while hinting at an apparently well known story that exists, "off-stage...

Despite the popular representation of the masculine hero migrant (Ni Laoire, 2001), rural youth scholars have found that young men are more likely to stay on in their communities, while young women tend to be more mobile, leaving for education and better employment opportunities elsewhere (Corbett, 2007b; Lowe, 2015). Taking a spatialized approach (Farrugia, Smyth &amp; Harrison, 2014), we contribute to and extend the rural youth studies scholarship on gender, mobilities and place by considering the case of young Newfoundlanders’ geographical mobilities in relation to male-dominated resource extraction industries. We draw on findings from two SSHRC-funded research projects, the Rural Youth and Recovery project, a subcomponent of the Community-University Research for Recovery Alliance (CURRA) and the Youth, Apprenticeship and Mobility project, a subcomponent of the On the Move Partnershi We argue that the spatial coding of gender relations in rural Newfoundland makes certain kinds of mobilities more intelligible and possible for young men, while constraining women’s. In other words, gender relations of rural places are “stretched out” (Farrugia et al., 2014) across space through the mobility practices of young men and women in relation to work in skilled trades and resource extraction industries. These “stretched out” gender relations are reproduced by the organisation of a sector that relies on a mobile workforce free from care and domestic work and familiar with manual work.

A Heart Rhythm Society Electrophysiology Workforce Study: Current survey analysis of physician workforce trends

Background:&#x0D; Increased population mobility has continued to occur over time, especially worker mobility consisting of commuter mobility and circular mobility. A person's mobility is very influential on the condition of health status, especially related to the spread of infectious diseases. Direct infectious disease is a disease with the transfer of germs through physical contact from a sick person or a carrier to a healthy person. &#x0D; Objectives:&#x0D; To analyze the impact of the population mobility revolution on the spread of infectious diseases in Indonesia.&#x0D; Research Metodes: &#x0D; The study was conducted by studying literature through collecting supporting articles and analyzing secondary data. The data used are direct infectious disease data consisting of Tuberculosis, HIV, Hepatitis and Leprosy from the Indonesian Health Profile, Main Results of Basic Health Research, and Statistics Data from the Central Statistics Agency, as well as previous research articles.&#x0D; Results: &#x0D; The trend of the mobility of movers experienced an increase in line with trends in communicable diseases such as Tuberculosis, HIV, and Hepatitis. High mobility affects the spread of infectious diseases Tuberculosis, Hepatitis and Leprosy seen from the factor of interaction with others, as well as the influence on HIV. The influence can be seen from Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs) who transmit to their customers and the families of CSW customers who can transmit it to their wives.&#x0D; Conclusion: &#x0D; The increased mobility pattern of movers is accompanied by an increased pattern of direct infectious diseases including tuberculosis, HIV, and hepatitis.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Mobility, Population, Spread, Infectious Diseases&#x0D;

Background:&#x0D; Increased population mobility has continued to occur over time, especially worker mobility consisting of commuter mobility and circular mobility. A person's mobility is very influential on the condition of health status, especially related to the spread of infectious diseases. Direct infectious disease is a disease with the transfer of germs through physical contact from a sick person or a carrier to a healthy person. &#x0D; Objectives:&#x0D; To analyze the impact of the population mobility revolution on the spread of infectious diseases in Indonesia.&#x0D; Research Metodes: &#x0D; The study was conducted by studying literature through collecting supporting articles and analyzing secondary data. The data used are direct infectious disease data consisting of Tuberculosis, HIV, Hepatitis and Leprosy from the Indonesian Health Profile, Main Results of Basic Health Research, and Statistics Data from the Central Statistics Agency, as well as previous research articles.&#x0D; Results: &#x0D; The trend of the mobility of movers experienced an increase in line with trends in communicable diseases such as Tuberculosis, HIV, and Hepatitis. High mobility affects the spread of infectious diseases Tuberculosis, Hepatitis and Leprosy seen from the factor of interaction with others, as well as the influence on HIV. The influence can be seen from Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs) who transmit to their customers and the families of CSW customers who can transmit it to their wives.&#x0D; Conclusion: &#x0D; The increased mobility pattern of movers is accompanied by an increased pattern of direct infectious diseases including tuberculosis, HIV, and hepatitis.

ABSTRACTIn contemporary Indonesia, the fragmentation of a collectively-imagined future has generated ambivalent and contradictory ways of being and becoming a man. This article investigates this tension by drawing on interviews and ethnographic data collected from young men aged 18–30 who engage in transactional sex work in the capital city Jakarta. The narratives of these young men suggest that transactional sex is a choice linked to the cultivation of an appropriate form of masculinity. This understanding, however, is complicated by mobility in two ways. First, geographical mobility tied to migration is understood to be necessary to becoming a man who is independent from family. Second, temporal mobility involves future aspirations to marry a woman and become a father, a powerful template for joining middle-class society. Young men find the intersection of geographical and temporal mobility as a source of open-ended liminality in the midst of acute economic precarity and perpetually flexible employment. Serving as narrative accounts of the plasticity of the most widely-held assumptions about the immutable nature of gender, liminal masculinity helps to illuminate the ambiguous effects of global economic forces on forms of moral self-cultivation.

Mobility in older adults is typically discussed in terms of component maneuvers including analy sis of gait and postural instability; activities that depend on mobility such as bathing, dressing, or shopping; or adverse events during mobility such as falls or motor vehicle crashes. None of these approaches reflects a key aspect of mobility-the extent of movement within a person's environment, or life space in the gerontological literature. Here we describe this concept as it applies to mobility and present a questionnaire instrument designed to measure life space in community-dwelling older adults. Results indicate that the Life Space Questionnaire (LSQ) is reliable and has construct and criterion validity in a sample of olderadults. The LSQ can be used to establish the spatial extent of an older person's mobility and may ultimately be useful as an outcome measure in studies evaluating interventions designed to enhance mobility and inde pendence in community-dwelling older populations.